The Notes of English Course
Tue, May 9- 2012

第一部分：薰衣草, Lavender, Sage, selivia, purple。
老师手拿一束薰衣草在讲台上，讲起用途。有基本上一句都没有听懂。

第二部分：语法，If sentence
（一）Unit34, If sentences (present/future)
A. Compare these examples:

Tom: I think I left my lighter at your house. Have you seen it?
Ann: No, but I'll look. If I find it, I'll give it to you.
In this example there is a real possibility that Ann will find the lighter. So she says :"If I find . . . I'll . . ." .

Ann: If I found a $100 bill on the street, I would keep it.

This is a different type of situation. Ann is not thinking about a real possibility; she is imagining the situation. So she says:" If I found... I would... " (not " If I find... I'll..")

When you imagine a future happening like this, you use a past tense form ( did/came/found,ect.) after if. But the meaning is not past:
What would you do if you won a million dollars?
If we didn't go to their party next week, they would be very angry.
Ann wouldn't lend me any money if I asked her.

B. We do not normally use would in the if part of he sentence:
I'd be very frightened if someone pointer a gun at me. (not if we wouldn't go)
If we didn't go to their party next week, they would be angry. ( not if we wouldn't go )

C. In the other part of the sentence ( not the if part) we use would/wouldn't. Would is often shortened to 'd, Especially in spoken English:
If you stopped smoking, you'd probably feel healthier.
They wouldn't come to the party if you invited them.
You can also use could and might:
They might be angry if I didn't visit them. (= perhaps the would be)
If it stopped raining, we could go out. (= we would be able to go out)

D. Do not use when in sentences like the ones in this unit:
Tom would be angry if I didn't visit him. ( not when I didn't visit)
What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? ( not when you were)

（二）Unit35， If and wish semtemces (present)

Study this example situation:
Tom wants to call Sue, but he can't because he doesn't know her telephone number. He says:
If i knew her number, I would call her.
Tom says " If I knew her number. . . " This tell us that he doesn't know her number. He is imagining the situation. The real situation is that he doesn't know her number.
When you imagine a situation like this, you use a past tense form (" I did/I had/I knew," etc.) after if. But the meaning is present, not past:
Tom would travel if he had more money. (but he doesn't have much money)
If I didn't want to go, I wouldn't. ( but I want to go)
We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work. (but wei work)

B. We also use the past for a present situation after wish. We use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would lik it to be:
I wish I knew Sue's telephone number. ( I don't know it.)
Do you ever wish you could fly? ( You can't fly)
I wish it didn't rain so much in this city. ( It rains a lot.)
It's crowded here. I wish there weren't so many people. ( There are a lot of people.)
I wish I didn't have to work. ( I have to work.)

C. In if sectences and after wish we use were instead of was:
If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat. ( but I am not you)
I'd go out if it weren't raining. ( but it is raining)
I wish my room were larger. ( but it isn't very large)

D. Do not use would in the if part of the sentence or after wish:

（三）Unit 36 If and wish sentences (past)

Study this example situation:
Last month Ann was sick. Tom didn't know this, and he didn't go to see her. They met again after Ann got better. Tom said:

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.

The real situation was that Tom didn't know Ann was sick. So he says If I had known. . .
When you are talking about the past, you use the past perfect ( I had done / I had been / I had known, etc. ) if

If I had seen you when you passed me in the street, I would have said hello.( but I didn't see you )
I would have gone out if I hadn't been so tired. ( but I was too tired )
If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking )
Do not use would (have) in the if part of the sentence:
If I had seen you, I would have said hello (not if I would have seen)
Both would and had an be shortened to 'd:
If I'd seen (= had seen) you, I'd have said (= would have said) hello.

B. Use the past perfect ( I had done) after wish when you say that you regret something that happened or didn't happen in the past:
I wish I had known that Ann was sick. I would have gone to see her. ( I didn't know that she was sick.)
I fell sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much. ( I ate too much.)
Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? ( You didn't study science.)
The weather was terrible. I wish it had been warmer. ( It wasn't warm.)
You cannot use would have after wish:
I wish it had been warmer. ( not would have been )

C. Would have ( done ) is the past form of would (do)
If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. ( I am not tired now - present.)
If I had gone to the party last night, I would have seen Ann. ( I didn't see Ann - past.)
Might have and could have are possible instead of would have:
If we'd player better, we might have won. ( = perhaps we would have won )
We could have gone out if the weather hadn't been so bad. ( we would have been able to go out )

Unit 36 Exercises

Put the verb into the correct form.
Examples: If I had known (know) that you were sick last week, I'd have gone to see you.
Tom wouldn't have taken ( not/take) the exam if he had known that it would be so difficult.


B. Read the situation and write a sentence with if.
Examples: She didn't eat anything because she wasn't hungry.
If she had been hungry, she would have eten something.


C. Imagine that you are in each situation. Make a sentence with I wish . . .
Example: You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: I wish I hadn't eaten so much.

第三部分，文章阅读：

The World's Largest Family

Mr. and Mrs. Albina don't know where all their grown children are living now. Some of them, they know, are in Argentina, but they aren't sure where in Argentina. They aren't sure how old all their children are, either. Ask them, for example, "How old is your daughter Susanna?" and they say, "We're not sure." They might even say, "Which Susanna?" But it is understndable that the Aabinas can't keep track of与…失去〔保持〕联系; 了解〔忘记〕 their children's addresses and ages. After all, they have 53 children.
Mr. And Mrs. Albina, with 53 children, have the world's largest family. Not one of their children is adopted收养.
When people hear about the Albinas' large family, the first question they ask is, "How is it possible? How can one woman give birth to 53 children in her lifetime一生; 寿命?" The answer is simple: Every time Mrs. Albina gave birth, she had twins双胞胎 or triplets 三胞胎. She was a triplet herself; she tiinks that's why she always had twins or triplets.
The Albinas married when Mrs. Albina was 12 years old and Mr. Albina was 30. The children came quickly, in twos and threes. The first 21 children were boys. Mrs. Albina loved her sons, but she wanted a daughter very much.
The albinas spent the early years of their marriage 婚礼 in Argentina. Then they decided to move to Chile智利. To travel from Argentina to Chile, they had to cross the Andes安第斯山脉 Mountains. Mr. And Mrs. Albina and their 21 sons made the difficult, two-week journey on mules拖鞋. One night there was a terrible snowstorm in the mountains. During the snowstorm, Mrs. Albina gave birth to triplets, a boy and - two girls! Mrs. Albina now has 16 more girls, including twins who are 15 months old.
The oldest Albina children are in their thirties and forties. They are on their own now, but 18 of the Albina children still live with their parents. The family lives in a two-room shack窝棚, 简陋的小屋 in Colina[巴西、智利] 科利纳, Chile. The shack has electricity but no toilet or running water. The children wash in a small bowl 碗, 钵, 盘 in the dusty backyard.
At times there is very little food in the Albinas' small house. When there is not enough food for everyone, Mrs. Ablina makes sure the youngest children do not go hungry. "The smallest eat first, and then the bigger ones. We've always done it that way," she says. Obviously显然;明白地, the Albinas do not have enough money for their big family. Why, then, do they continue to have children?
The Albinas do not use birth control because it is against their religion. They could let other people take care of their children, but Mrs. Albina will not allow it. "When my two brothers and I were babies," she says, "our mother left us at an orphanage孤儿院 and never returned. We lived there together until we were five. Then a couple夫妻, 情侣 adopted my brothers, and I was left behind. I was heartbroken. I promised myself that when I became a mother, I would never give my children away. Even if I didn't have much money, I would always take care of my children myself." Mrs. Albina has kept her promise.
So, the Albina family contnues to grow. Mr. And Mrs. Albina have so many children that they ran out of names for them all and had to give some children the same name. There are three Susannas, three Miriams, two Estrellas, and two Soledades.
Will there be a fourth Susanna or a third Estrella? Will the Albinas stop at 53 children, or will there be more? Mr. Albina is 77 years old, and Mrs. Albina is 59. "I'm getting old," she says with a smile. "I would like God to think of me and consider关心, 体谅, 顾及 my age. But, if God sends more children to me, yes, there will be more."