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中文注释　　English

　

　

    谭嗣同（1865?/FONT>1898），号壮飞，清末思想家，诗人，参加“戊戌变法”失败，慷慨就义。

②犹——仍然。

③不解——不懂，不肯。

　

    公元1882年秋，十七岁的谭嗣同，从湖南故乡赴甘肃父亲任所途中，经过陕西潼关，在这里饱览了一番北国山河的壮丽风采。

    这位英气勃发的少年，骑马登上半山间的潼关古道，傍山监河，乘兴前进，任清脆的马蹄声被猎猎西风吹散、吹远，飞入滚滚的云涛里。啊，云涛，云涛，四面八方尽是滚滚云涛，大概从古到今，这巍峨的雄关就被白云；团团簇拥着，一直不曾解围吧？

    伟大的壮观还在更高更远的地方。潼关地处陕西、山西、河南三省交界点，南邻华山群峰，东望豫西平原。诗人立马城关，眼见黄河从北面高原峡谷奔腾怒吼而来，到悬崖脚下猛然一转弯，奔向平坦广阔的原野，但气势却不见缓和，好像仍嫌河床箍得太紧；而那连绵不断的山峰，在关东并不怎样惹眼，刚入潼关便突兀而起、耸入云天，一座座争奇斗险，唯恐自己显得平庸！

    自然，所谓大河“犹嫌束”、群山“不解平”，全是黄河、华山的磅礴气势在诗人心理上所引起的感应，反映着这位少年诗人豪迈奔放的激情和冲决封建束缚、追求思想解放的愿望，而这愿望，这激情，同当时神州大地上正在崛起的变革图强的社会潮流，是完全合拍的。

    十九世纪末叶，在我国历史上，是一个民族危机空前严重的时代，也是一个民族精神空前高扬的时代。透过少年谭嗣同这首充满浪漫主义精神的山水绝句，我们仿佛听到一个迅速临近的新时代的脚步声。

　

　

   Tan Sitong (1865-1898) was an ideologist and poet. He died heroically after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898.

   In the Autumn of 1882, 17-year-old Tan left his home in Hunan Province for Gansu Province where he father served as an official. During this journey, tan stopped over at the Tongguan Pass, the juncture of three provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan. There he was able to enjoy to his greatest satisfaction the scenery of northern China.

   As the energetic young man was riding along the ancient path, the crisp sound of his galloping horse was dispersed and blown into the waves of rolling clouds. The towering Pass for tress was surrounded by thick clouds which seemed never to disperse since ancient times. As he halted his horse before the fortress, a more spectacular view was unfolding before his eyes. The mighty Yellow River rushing down from the northern plain. It never slowed down a bit even on the plain as if the river course were still too narrow. The rolling hills insignificant beyond the Pass suddenly grew into precipitous peaks towering to the skies, as if competing with one another in stature.

   In the Chinese history, the end of the 19^th century was the time of an unprecedented national crisis and of a great surge of nationalism. It is against this historical background that the young poet expressed in the romantic verses his strong aspiration to free himself from the feudal restrictions and to emancipate the mind.