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一段史料逐句译

(2015-04-02 21:19:54)
标签:

亚罗号事件

巴夏礼

包令

第二次鸦片战争

英语翻译

分类: 历史

一段史料逐句译(专业外语翻译示例)

历史系的研究生,经常需要翻译外文史料。而翻译中所遇到的问题,形形色色。现以一条英文史料为例,对其中的翻译问题略作说明。

这条史料是导致第二次鸦片战争爆发的“亚罗号”事件发生当天,英国驻广州领事巴夏礼发给英国驻华公使包令的信件。中国近代史资料丛刊《第二次鸦片战争》第六册第48-49页已有成译。

此信的性质是公文信函,公文信函的行文特点是用语规范、准确、严谨,中文翻译要注意在准确翻译的同时,也要在中文行文中体现这种公文信函的特点。

Consul Parkes to Sir J. Bowring

巴夏礼领事致函包令爵士

Canton, October 8, 1856

广州1856年10月8日

Sir,

爵士:

I have the honour to inform your Excellency that the British lorcha “Arrow”, While lying with her colours flying in the river near the Dutch Folly, was suddenly boarded this morning by a force of Chinese officers in a war-boat of large size and heavy armament, who pinioned and carried away nearly the whole of her crew, leaving only two out of fourteen men on board, and added to this act of violence, the significant insult of hauling down the national ensign.

我谨向阁下报告,停靠在海珠炮台附近河中悬挂着英国国旗的英国绿壳船“亚罗”号,今晨突被一群乘坐一艘配备重型武器大型战船而来的中国官吏强行登上,他们把差不多所有的水手都捆绑带走,十四个人仅剩下两个人在船上,而且除这种暴行之外,严重侮辱地把国旗也扯拽下来。

(评点:I have the honour to,这是英文信函中常用的开头语,初译者宜照字面直译为“我荣幸地”之类,此处用“谨”字,符合原文恭谨本意和中国信函用语。“停靠……河中”,搭配不对,应改为“停泊……河中”。“一群乘坐一艘配备重型武器大型战船而来的中国官吏”,“乘坐……而来”,原文无此表述,在翻译中虽然可以揣意加词,但这里不需要。“a force of Chinese Officers”翻译为“一群……中国官吏”显然不妥,应为“一队中国官兵”,全句可译为“今晨突被配有重武器的大型战船上的一队中国官兵强行登上”。文中的crew,在当时的清方文件中均译为“水手”,但英文本意是船员,包括船长以下的所有人员。added to this act of violence,译为“而且除这种暴行之外”,从上下文意看没有错,译为“实施此种暴行之余,还严重侮辱地扯下了国旗”,以中文之“余”字,配英语“added”,在语气上更贴近原文。)

Having satisfied myself of the fact, and ascertained that the war-boat remained with the captured crew still on board in the immediate vicinity of the lorcha, I repaired on board to claim the men before they should be conveyed to a distance, and to explain to the officers, if it were possible that they had acted in error, the gross insult and violation of national rights which they had committed, and the heavy responsibilities they thus incurred. I informed them, and had a magistrate’s officer with me who could verify my statement, that I had already demanded from the civil authorities an investigation of the subject, and called upon them if they had any charge to prefer against the prisoners to bring them in their custody to the Consulate, where due examination might be had. To this they refused to accede, stating that they had reported the matter to their superior officers and must await orders, and intimating very distinctly that they would oppose with force, any attempt on my part to take the men under my charge.

由于确信事件的真相,并探悉装载着被俘水手的战船是停留在绿壳的附近不远,我率人赶上船去,在这些人没有被运走时,对他们加以认领,并向这些官吏解释说,假若他们要不是搞错的话,他们严重侮辱和侵害了国家权利,并因此要求承当重要的责任。我告诉他们说(当时有一个县衙门官在我旁边可资作证),我早已向行政当局要求对这一事件进行调查,并向他们提出,要是他们对这些被捕的人有任何罪行足资控告,可以由领事馆加以拘留,进行应有的审查。他们对这些都拒绝接受,宣称已经把这件事向上级长官报告,必须等待命令行事,并很明显地威胁说,他们将武力抵拒把这些人交由我们加以看管的任何企图。

(评点:repaired是英语“前往”的古朴而正式的提法,没有“率人”的意思。magistrate’s officer,只有“衙门官员”的意思。“早已向行政当局要求”译法也不对,从亚罗号事件发生到巴夏礼提出交涉均在当天,“早已”只能译为“已经”。intimating,暗示,译为“威胁”,语意较原文过于直白强烈。attempt, 虽有“企图”的意思,但中文中略含贬义,巴夏礼自己不会使用“企图”一词。To this,明显是单数,译为“他们对这些都拒绝接受”,也有不合。最后一句应译为:“对此他们拒绝接受,声称他们已将此事呈报上司,须等待指示,并明确暗示,他们会使用武力对付我方将这些人置于我看管之下的任何尝试。”)

I returned, therefore, to the Consulate, and have addressed the Imperial Commissioner, the letter I beg to enclose in copy.

因此,我返回领事馆,并向钦差大臣写了信,谨附上复本。

The officers on board the war-boat stated to me, as the reason of their proceedings, that one of the crew of the lorcha is the father of a noted Koo-lan pirate, and being authorized to seize this old man whenever they found him, and hearing that he was on board the “Arrow” they considered themselves at liberty to carry him away without any previous reference to me, least this should lead to his escape. I did not understand that they had any distinct charge against the other eleven men, but heard that they wanted them for the information or evidence they considered they would be able to give against the said pirate.

在战船上的官员告诉我,他们行动的理由是绿壳的一个水手是著名海盗郭亮(译音)的父亲,他们被授权不管什么时候找到这个老人的话立刻加以逮捕,由于听到他在“亚罗”号船上,他们认为他们有权把他带走,用不着事先对我作任何的谘询,不然会导致他的逃脱。我没有听说他们对其余十一个人提出什么明确的控告,只听说他们希望这些人能够提供指控这个所说的海盗的情报或证据。

(评点:reason, 可译为“理由”,亦可译为“原因”、“起因”,此处应译为“起因”,因为清朝官员以当时态度,根据不需要向巴夏礼说明理由。“他们被授权不管什么时候找到这个老人的话立刻加以逮捕,由于听到他在‘亚罗’号船上,他们认为他们有权把他带走,用不着事先对我作任何的谘询,不然会导致他的逃脱。”此段译文措词不合中文习惯,如“授权”一词,当时官员根本不会如此措词。“谘询”,也不合语境和上下文关系。试改译如下:“他们奉命一旦找到这个老人,立即拘拿,嗣后得悉这个老人在‘亚罗’号上,便自以为可自行其事,无须事先向我征询,以免他闻风逃脱。”“I did not understand”, 不能译为“没有听说”,而应为“我不了解”。)

Since writing the above (at a late hour in the evening) a writer whom I left on board the war-boat to watch proceedings, has returned and reported that all the prisoners have been conveyed into the city.

上面写完以后(在傍晚将尽时刻)我留在战船上观察事态发展的一个录事回来报告说,所有被捕人员已转移到城里去了。

(评点:“上面写完以后”,这是硬译,驯雅的译法应为“行文至此”。“傍晚将尽”,中文入夜之前为“黄昏”,或可译为“黄昏将尽”、“即将入夜”。)

I Shall be glad to receive any support or instructions that your Excellency may consider the case requires.

我将乐意接受阁下考虑事态需要所提出的任何支持或指示。

(评点:“提出……支持或指示”,词语不搭配。巴夏礼与包令的关系是上下级关系,包令的支持或指示均巴夏礼应接受和执行,无所谓“乐意”不“乐意”。consider,在这里也不应译为“考虑”,而应译为“认为”,接受考虑的支持和指示,还在考虑之中,怎么给予支持和指示?此句试改译为:“我期待得到阁下认为此事所需要的任何支持和指示。”

Harry S. Parkes

巴夏礼

 

1856年10月8日巴夏礼致包令函,是亚罗号事件的重要史料。英文原件的错字有inclose(enclose)、evering(evening),现在通用的中文译文,也存在一些问题。我这里提出的一些意见,可能也不一定都对,只是就专业外语的翻译问题,向研究生作一个案示范,或许能从中得到启发。

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