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英文合同中的鉴于条款

(2024-07-10 20:08:32)
分类: 法律英语国际合同理论实务
英文合同中的鉴于条款

英文合同中的鉴于条款

 

在写清楚当事人和合同签署时间、地点以后,紧接着应该写明合同签署的背景。这一节有时候会冠以“背景Recital”的标题,有时候则由连续几个“鉴于Whereas”条款组成。无论采取何种形式,这一节都需要说明合同签署的背景以及合同签署的目的。特别是如果合同是对以前某次或某几次合同的补充、修订、发展等,则必须说明各个相关合同之间的关系。通常应该按照时间顺序将之前的各个合同一一列明,并说明各个合同的主题内容和彼此之间的关系。举个例子:

 WHEREAS PARTY A and PARTY B signed a MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING dated February 1, 2004 agreeing to start friendly discussion on establishing a joint venture to jointly develop the PROJECT.

 WHEREAS PARTY A and PARTY B reached initial agreement on establishing a joint venture to jointly develop the PROJECT and signed the JOINT VENTURE HEADS OF AGREEMENT on June 1, 2005.

 WHEREAS PARTY A and PARTY B have agreed to establish a joint venture according to terms and conditions of this joint venture contract to jointly develop the PROJECT.

   对应的中文是:

   鉴于,甲方和乙方于200421日签署《谅解备忘录》,同意就设立合资企业共同开发××项目进行友好协商。

   鉴于,甲方和乙方就设立合资企业共同开发××项目初步达成意向,并于200561日签署了《设立合资企业原则协议》。

   鉴于,甲方和乙方同意按照本合营合同的条件和条款设立合资企业,共同开发××项目。

  陈述和保证”(Representation and Warranty)一部分,要求合同方对这些既定事实和欲达到的目的予以保证。而且,关于双方的具体权利和义务,更不应该出现在这一段里。例如,有的合同在“背景”这一段里写:

WHEREAS PARTY A agrees to deliver the GOODS to PARTY B within three(3) days in accordance with the prices specified herein

NOW THEREFORE, both PARTIES conclude this AGREEMENT as follows:

  甲方同意按合同约定价格在三天内向乙方发货,特签署本协议。

   “在三天内向乙方发货”是非常具体的条件和条款,应该在合同正文中专节规定,如果仅仅写在背景这一节,以下没有再提及,则这一义务对乙方是否具有法律约束力存在不确定性。

  在签约背景之后,通常由一句几乎一成不变的措辞引出合同主文条款,即NOW THEREFORE, it is agreed by both PARTIES as follows NOW THEREFORE, both PARTIES agree as follows等。不过,读者在起草合同时应注意,如果一个协议不存在任何对价,根据英国法可能被判为无效,比如,在一些OPTION AGREEMENTEXCLUSIVITY AGREEMENT等协议中。 为了避免这种风险,建议读者在草拟时采用如下措辞,即In consideration of the mutual promises and undertakings contained in this AGREEMENT, the PARTIES agree as follows:(考虑到“双方”在本协议中的相互约定和承诺,双方特议定如下)或“NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promise made in this AGREEMENT, and for other good and valuable consideration, the PARTIES hereto agree as follows:或“NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promise and agreements contained herein, the PARTIES agree as follows”。


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