“琼玛阁”语言学习班(1)

日本武士留得发型在当年叫做“琼玛阁”,今天说起琼玛阁就会想起

旧时代的日本人。所以日本人也经常挂在口头上说以自嘲,调节气氛。

“请原谅,琼玛阁”,“给我看看,琼玛阁”这里的“琼玛阁”没有任何

实际意思,就是为了延长时间的间歇语一样的功能。

今天请重点学习以下“as well as”这样一个句型的说法。

al well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，

通常不位于句首。此时，as well as连接的虽然是两个并列成分，但强调

的重点在前面，不在后面，意思为“不但……而且……”、“既……又……”、

“除了……之外，还有……”翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。

 

She was kind as well as beautiful.

彼女は美人であるだけでなく、親切でもあった。

她不仅漂亮还很善良。

He, as well as his son, is sick.

息子ばかりか、彼も病気です。

他儿子病了他也病了。

He can speak French as well as English.

彼は英語だけでなく、フランス語も話せる。

他不仅会英语还会说法语。

I as well as you am to blame.

きみと同様に私も悪い。

我和你一样都该捱骂。

We grow vegetables as well as rice.

うちでは米だけでなく野菜も作っている。

我们不仅种稻谷还栽蔬菜。

Henry as well as his parents is going to Europe.

両親はもちろんヘンリーもヨーロッパへ行くことになっている。

亨利父母不说了他也去欧洲了。

The princess, as well as the princes, has learned to ride.

王子たちはもちろん、王女も乗馬ができるようになった。

王子们不用说,公主们也能骑马。

His eyebrows as well as his hair are now white.

彼は髪だけでなく、眉毛も今では白くなっている。

他岂但两鬓斑白连眉毛都白了。

Mike went to London as well as Paris.

マイクはパリばかりでなくロンドンへも行った。

麦克不仅去了巴黎还去了伦敦。

As well as being a college student, I am on the editorial staff of a magazine.

私は大学生であるほかに、ある雑誌の編集に参加している。

我除了是大学生外，还参加了一种杂志的编辑。

一、用作连词

al well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。此时，as well as连接的虽然是两个并列成分，但强调的重点在前面，不在后面，意思为“不但……而且……”、“既……又……”、“除了……之外，还有……”翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。例如：

1. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。（连接名词）

2. She helped Tom as well as I. = She and I helped Tom. 我帮了汤姆的忙，她也帮了汤姆的忙。（连接主格代词）

3. She helped Tom as well as me. = She helped Tom and me. 她帮了我的忙，也帮了汤姆的忙。（连接宾格代词）

4. She continued her own work as well as hepled me. 她除了帮助我，还继续自己的工作。（连接动词）

5. He finds the mass of materials before, as well as after exeperiments. 他不但在实验后，还在实验前求出材料的质量。（连接介词短语）

6. The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。（连接形容词）

二、用作介词

此时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词，尤其是位于句首时。

As well as / Besides / In addition to eating five course meals, they drank seven bottles of wine. 除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶酒。

三、well用于as……as的结构中

这种as well as结构表示比较，引起一个比较状语从句。例如：

He can operate the machine as well as I do. 他操纵这台机器和我一样熟练。

一、分清本义与引申义

1. 用于本义

as well as 用于本义，可视为as…as结构与well的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”，在否定句中可用not so well as代替 not as well as。如：

He speaks English as well as her. 他说英语说得跟她一样好。

She plays every bit as well as the men. 她打得一点不比男人们差。

He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

He sings as well as, if not better than, Mary. 要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。

2. 用于引申义

用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。如：

He grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。

She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦。

They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country. 他们在城里有一套公寓，在乡村还有一所房子。

注：有时还可译为“除……之外，还”，与besides, in addition to的用法相似。如：

As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer. 今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。

二、弄清强调重点

A as well as B这一结构强调的重点是A不是B，即 A as well as B=not only B but also A，注意体会以下例句的译文：

She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。

He speaks Spanish as well as English and French. 他不仅会说英语和法语，而且会说西班牙语。

Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词，还要记住其他演员的暗示。

三、把握主谓一致

当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时, 其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。如：

Tom as well as his parents is going to London. 汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。

The captain, as well as the other players, was tired. 队长和其他队员都累了。

但是，有时即使 as well as 前面一个成分为单数，其后的谓语也可能用复数，尤其是当as well as 后面一个成分比较长且该结构没有用逗号隔开时。如：

His appearance as well as his strange way of talking make me suspicious. 他的外表以及他那奇怪的谈吐引起我的怀疑。

 

四、牢记后续动词的形式

as well as 后接动词到底是该用什么形式，这是一比较复杂的问题，归纳起来有以下几点值得注意：

1. as well as 通常被视为介词，所以后接动词时，一般用动名词形式。如：

He sings as well as playing the piano. 他不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。

Smoking is dangerous, as well as making you smell bad. 吸烟不仅使你身上有气味，而且危险。

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。

注：as well as 后接动词用动名词的情况主要见于主句谓语为简单时态(即一般现在时和一般过去时)的时候。

2. 如果主句谓语为复合时态(即其中含有情态动词或助动词)，则as well as 后的动词通常要与情态动词或助动词后的动词形式保持一致。如：

Students should pursue their own interests, as well as do their school work. 学生不仅应该做要好家庭作业，而且还要有自己的兴趣。

I have to feed the animals as well as look after the children. 我不但要照顾孩子们，而且还要喂那些马。

3. 如果as well as 是连接两个不定式，则其后用不带to的不定式。如：

A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate. 博物馆不仅要有教育性还且还要有娱乐性。

We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children. 我们不能指望她既做作业又照看孩子。

4. 当as well as 用于句首时，其后习惯上要接动名词。如：

As well as eating a seven-course meal, they drank three bottles of wine. 除吃了一顿有七道菜的饭之外，他们还喝了三瓶酒。

As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting. 他除散步之外还喜欢钓鱼和打猎。

As well as visiting Niagara Falls, we spent a day in Toronto. 我们参观了Niagara 瀑布，而且学在多伦多玩了一天。

As well as getting on everybody’s nerves, he’s got a habit of borrowing money and forgetting to pay it back. 他使得人人都感到心烦，此外，他还有个习惯，就是借了钱就忘了还。

注：as well as 有时也被视为准并列连词，后接的动词可以与主句谓语动词形式一致（但这种情形远不如用后接动名词普遍）。如：

He publishes as well as prints his own books. 他不但印刷而且还出版自己的书。