打工手记【52】:译途陷阱:正反双义【8月16日多云上午】

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译途陷阱:正反双义 |
分类: 翻译探索 |
题图:趵突泉畔有茶室
“中国队大胜美国队。”
“是的,中国队大败美国队。”
这里,大胜 = 大败。这是语言“正反同义”现象。
除了“正反同义”现象之外,尚存“正反双义”之现象,即一词(组)既可表正义,亦可表反义。一般说来,英语比汉语更注重表达的逻辑,但是,英语这种“正反双义”的语言现象并不少见,初登译途,此现象无疑是陷阱,译入佳境,你便会视之为译林趣事之一!
这并非一则杜撰的历史笑话:冷战时期,英美召开裁军会议。英方代表提出要table a
motion(讨论提案),而美方代表却竭力反对,争来争去,最后美方代表说:“But it's a very good motion.
Why do you want to table
it?”(“这是一个很好的提案,你们为什么要将它搁置?”)英方代表恍然大悟,原来他们双方观点一致 --
都要讨论这个提案。追根溯源,争议出自table一词。轻点“金山词霸”,即可得:(英)提交讨论;(美)搁置(议案)。
英语有不少词(组)集正反义于一身,因而,其准确含义,在落下译笔之前,当以逻辑咀嚼一番。稍有疏忽,译文即错。请君试译:
一、单词类
1. overlook:监视;忽视
1) She did not know that she was being overlooked by the woman
next door.
2) My calculation was wrong because I overlooked one tiny
point.
2. learn:学;教
3) I learnt French when I was a child from a governess.
4) This will learn you to keep out of mischief.
3. wear:耐磨;易磨损
5) The material won't wear.
6) Dripping water wears the stone
away.
4. rent:租出;租入
7) Mr. Hill rents this land to us at $200 a year.
8) They rented a cabin for their vacation.
5. oversight:疏忽;注意
9) Through an unfortunate oversight your letter was left
unanswered.
10)While children are at school, they are under their
teachers’ oversight.
二、词组类
1. a (the) hell of a …:非常好的;糟透了的
11) The evening party was very jolly and we had the hell of a
time.
12) Your box arrived all right. It's in your room. But it's a
hell of a thing to call a trunk.
2. as luck would have it:碰巧;不巧
13) “I never expected to see you here so early.” “And I never
expected it either; but, as luck would have it, a friend of mine
was coming this way in his car, and he gave me a lift.”
14) As luck would have it, I was out when he
called.
3. as of …:到……时为止;从……时起
15) As of this moment, there are 187 schools in the
city.
16) The agreement takes effect as of January the 1st.
4. (as) clear as mud:一点也不清楚;一清二楚,很明显
17) The instructions were badly written -- they were about as
clear as mud.
18) She was trying to hook young Bob -- it was clear as
mud.
5. one day:(过去)某一天;(将来)有一天
19) I happened to meet him one day.
20) One day the same thing will
happen.
6. for all one knows:…… 所未知;据……所知
21) For all I know, the matter may have been
settled.
22) For all I know, he may already have left for
Europe.
7. not half:非常,极其;一点也不
23) He didn’t half like it.
24) His first attempts at painting are not half
bad.
8. from time to time:经常;偶尔
25) He left here five or six years ago, but I still see him
from time to time.
26) I only go to the cinema from time to
time.
9. just about:几乎,差不多;几乎不,差不多不
27) They had just about won the game when they had to stop
playing.
28) I just about won the game; I finished only one point
ahead.
10. nothing less than:完全是;完全不是
29) That’s nothing less than a
miracle.
30) We expected nothing less than a
revolution.
11. have a (或this) thing about:特别爱好;厌恶,恐惧
31) Jane has a thing about her new bicycle, and won’t let
anyone borrow it.
32) Mabel really has a thing about horses, she is terribly
afraid of them.
12. lay sth. at sb’s door:归咎于某人;归功于某人
33) But there is one thing that can never be laid at the door
of Francist Burke.
34) He lays his love of folk songs at the door of his
nurse.
参考译文
1)她不知道她被隔壁的那个女人监视着。
2)我的计算有误,因为我忽略了一个小数点。
3)我童年时从家庭女教师那儿学过法语。
4)这将教训你不要再捣蛋了。
5)这种材料不耐磨。
6)滴水穿石。
7)希尔先生把这块地租给我们,每年二百美元。
8)他们租了一间小屋供度假之用。
9)由于不该有的疏忽,你的来信未曾回复。
10)孩子们在校时,受到老师的细心照料。
11)晚会很有趣,我们玩得非常痛快。
12)你的箱子到是到了,在你房里。可那是个什么劳什子呀,还能称为箱子吗?
13)“我没想到会这么早在这儿见到你。”“我也没想到,但是碰巧得很,我的一位朋友正好开车往这个方向来,便让我搭他的车来了。”
14)不巧得很,他来访时我正好外出。
15)到目前为止,市内有187所学校。
16)协定自元月一日起生效。
17)使用说明写得很糟——一点也不清楚。
18)事情是一清二楚的——她想叫年轻的鲍勃上钩。
19)有一天,我碰巧遇到他。
20) 总有一天会发生同样的事情。
21) 这事也许早解决了,谁知道呢。
22) 据我所知,他可能已动身去欧洲。
23) 他非常喜欢它。
24) 他初学绘画的成绩相当好。
25) 五六年前他就离开了这里,但我还是经常见到他。
26) 我只是偶尔去看看电影。
27) 他们快要赢的时候,比赛结束了。
28) 这场比赛我差一点赢不了,结束时我仅仅领先一分。
29) 那完全是一个奇迹。
30) 我们完全没有预料到会发生革命。
31) 简非常喜欢她的新自行车,谁也不借。
32) 梅布尔真怕马,怕得要命。
33) 但有一件事是决不能归咎到弗朗西斯•伯克身上的。
34) 他认为自己对民歌的爱好应归功于他的保姆。