打工手记【42】:《背影》两译,比读有益(I)【6月14日阳光上午】

标签:
背影两译比较杂谈 |
分类: 翻译探索 |
第八烽火台,在望
杨戴之译:
果然!杨戴之译把afternoon用作形容词,置于train之前,如此以一(afternoon[train])当九(a
train [for Beijing] on the afternoon of the same
day);还将“上车北去”之“北”不是译成Beijing,而直译成north。译文趋简且更“信”。
“有朋友约去游逛,勾留了一日”,“散文”译笔铺张,竟译成I spent the first day in Nanjing
strolling about with some friends at their
invitation,从表层结构看,“游逛”被译strolling about,“约(请)”也被译成at their
invitation,译句看似细密,却经不起推敲。strolling about译得太泛;at their
invitation则过于庄重。
反观杨戴之译,A friend kept me in Nanjing for a day to see
sights,令叹精彩! 其中的kept me / to see sights,可嚼出浓浓的英语味儿。
灯下续读,又有新发现。
We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I
bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage.
表达流畅,且“尾重”,散发浓郁英语味。佳译如斯,恐系于where一词,where“亮相”,两句
“璧合”,再跟进一个while,译文自然就多了一份地道和流畅。
挑灯比读,感悟多多。属于不同语系的英语和汉语在句法上各具特色,其间差异不一而足。奈达在其《Translating
Meaning》(1983)一书中指出:就汉语和英语而言,也许在语言学上最重要的一个区别,就是形合和意合的对比(contrast
between hypotaxis and
parataxis)。其实,“意合”一词,并非奈达首创。语法学家王力在其《中国语法理论》及《汉语语法纲要》两本书中皆提及了“意合”。他在后者中言及:复合句里既有两个以上的句子形式,它们之间的联系有时候是以意合的……。
英语重形合,汉语重意合。--
早已是人们的共识。英语借助connectives(连接词)组成复句,汉语则可依靠语序直接组合复句。汉语读者完全能体味其中的逻辑关系。试比较:
东海缺少白玉床,龙王来请金陵王。
If the Dragon king wants a white jade bed, he applies to the
Wangs of Chiling, it’s said.
上句的if,万不可缺,否则,就违反了英语的表达习惯。
于是,汉译英,常需要将意合句转化为形合句。从意合到形合,似乎简单,增加connective就行了。其实不然。头脑中的形合/意合意识是否成熟,在很大程度上影响译者提供的译文质量。
因添加了connective,英译之长度似乎应该增加。比读证明:译文遣词不是增加,而是减少。试比较:
“散文”:To think that he should now be so downcast in old age!
The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable
feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent.
That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him
angry.
译文拘谨,以意合句为主,且基本按照原文语序。意合转化为形合的意识在译文中得不到足够反映,connective使用不到位。洋洋洒洒三句,遣词累赘!
杨戴之译:
No one could have foreseen such a comedown in his old age! The
thought of this naturally depressed him, and as he had to vent his
irritation somehow, he often lost his temper over
trifles.
两译字数之比为:47:35!前译“牵丝攀藤”,后译怎一个“爽”字了得。诵前者,一如举步于齐膝灌木丛中;览后者,则如赤足奔跑在无垠海滩!
且不说两译“触目伤怀”之反差巨大,就说后译中的as,即可品味再三。一个as,看似轻巧,却见功力,as折射了原句的“因果”逻辑关系,令文脉朗现,逻辑彰显。一个as,轻易替代了前译中的That
is why…等众多累赘字眼!
(待续)