英语记趣【7】:英语以“尾长”为美【4月26日阳光上午】

标签:
英语以尾长句为美 |
分类: 美哉英语 |

一、当主语有较长的后置定语时,应把后置定语移到谓语之后,成为一种分裂结构(split structure)。如:
A complicated mechanism is at work in which the drug may encourage the development.
此外,如果主语后面带有较长的定语,也可以把句子改成被动式,将这个较长的主语置于句末,充当介词by的宾语。如:
In the internal combustion engine, heat is generated by the combustion of an inflammable charge inside a cylinder.
二、在S+V+C结构中,当主语较长时,应将主语后置。如:
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.
有时,在S+V结构中也可这样排序。如:
In came a young man in military uniform.
三、当不定式短语或名词从句充当主语而显得过长时,一般要后置,句首主语的位置以it替代。如:
It worried me that she didn’t come.
It
is not so easy to keep vegetables in this
season.
同理,以不定式短语或名词性从句做宾语时,也可用形式宾语it代之并将不定式短语或名词性从句后移。如:
I find it difficult to talk to him about anything serious.
I think it important that you should keep calm.
四、双宾语中,如果间接宾语短而直接宾语长,则可按正常的间接宾语在前直接宾语在后排序(句a);反之,则须将间接宾语后置,充当介词的宾语(句b)。试比较:
a. We gave the student a Concise Oxford Dictionary.
b. We gave a dictionary to the student who had won the first prize in the contest.
五、复合宾语中,如果直接宾语较长而补语较短,则往往需对换其位置。如:
The power from coal and steam made possible the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.