加载中…
个人资料
  • 博客等级:
  • 博客积分:
  • 博客访问:
  • 关注人气:
  • 获赠金笔:0支
  • 赠出金笔:0支
  • 荣誉徽章:
正文 字体大小:

汉英翻译糊涂始【翻译研究】【原创】【3月30日黎明】

(2011-03-30 05:25:16)
标签:

翻译探索

文化

分类: 断想不断
题图:年轻时的杨宪益和英国姑娘戴乃迭
【1937年,在英国牛津大学留学的杨宪益偶然认识了英国姑娘戴乃迭(Gladys Tayler)。他们的相识,相恋,相爱注定将成为中国翻译史一段佳话,他们的合作注定要为中国文化在西方的传播立下一块丰碑。 】

汉英翻译糊涂始【翻译研究】【原创】【3月30日黎明】
 
    We love our country. ── 笔者生平所学的第一句英语。于是,我思忖:英语原来这么简单,把汉语的单词“对号入座”成英语就行了。你看,We = 我们;love = 热爱;our = 我们的;country = 国家。多么工整,多么吻合!
先入为主!思维定势,渐成英译汉之绊脚石。又如:
1/ 现在请他介绍治学经验。
Now let us invite him to introduce his experience in pursuing his study.
介绍 = introduce。拿来可译,以为有百分之百的把握。殊不知,汉语的“介绍”有两层含义:1)“使双方相识或发生联系” 2)“使了解或熟悉”(参见《现代汉语词典》p.650)。而英语的词汇introduce,只有第1种含义,即to make known for the first time to each other or someone else, esp. by telling 2 people each other’s name. (参见Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English p.587),而压根儿不存在第2种含义。因此,以汉语之“心”度英语之“腹”,便有了让native speaker头疼之译。
拟改译:Now let us invite him to pass on his experience in study.
2/ 我恐怕会浪费你许多宝贵的时间。
I’m afraid that I’ll waste a lot of your precious time.
“浪费”译waste,大错! native speaker闻此言,必会“瞠目”。为啥?只消一查词典,自会明白。waste一词的含义是to use wrongly。既然你明明知道是use wrongly,伪善偏要为之呢?
上句“浪费”一词,是汉语的一种自谦表达(或礼貌用语)。但是,英语却不欣赏或压根儿没有这种“自谦”。可接受的说法是:I’m afraid that it ‘ll take up a lot of your valuable time.
3/ 我会努力提高教学质量。
I work hard to raise the quality of my teaching.
提高 = raise;质量 = quality,据此,译出上句,似无不可。遣词造句讲究“搭配”,英汉皆然。比如汉语说“有很多”,如果说“大大地有”,那就是抗战影片里的“鬼子汉语”了。英语不存在raise/quality这样的搭配。英语说:He is working hard to improve his teaching.
糊涂始,是初入译林者之众生相,不过,即使是翻译名家,其译笔也时有“糊涂”相伴!
夜读《水浒》的英译本All Men Are Brothers【译者:赛珍珠,1933年版】,睡眼迷离时,读到下句:
But these serving men were so busy, their hands and feet were all in confusion, and they were moving things hither and thither, east and west.
自觉对《水浒》还比较熟悉,但是,此段译文的原文到底咋讲,百思难解。起身披衣,翻看《水浒》,查到原文,不觉一惊!原句是:
三四个筛酒的酒保,都手忙脚乱,搬东搬西。
手忙脚乱 → their hands and feet were all in confusion;
搬东搬西 → they were moving things hither and thither, east and west.
赛珍珠是少有的精通中国文化的西方作家,她把原文的“手、脚、东、西”,分别译成了hands, feet, east 和west!而不知“手忙脚乱”是借形象写“忙”,而非强调 “手脚之乱”(confusion),“搬东搬西”乃“东西”之拆用,在此语境中,即指饭菜与酒,与“方向”(east and west)全然无涉!
上句是否可改译:A couple of waiters were in frantic rush from one to another serving food and drink.
又如:
我与父亲不相见已二年余了,我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差事也交卸了,正是祸不单行的日子,我从北京到徐州,打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。(朱自清:背影)
英译:It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home to attend grandma’s funeral. (张培基:《英译中国现代散文选》p.65)
译者译笔“精确”,将“那年冬天”译成:In the winter of more than two years ago。因为“那年冬天”即上文的“二年余”的那个冬天。
然而,这样的译文给一位美国读者的印象如何呢?请看native speaker的评注:
In the winter of more than two years ago [注:This phrasing bothers me for two reasons: 1) we would most likely says, “two years ago last winter…” 2) The present statement sounds indefinite or uncertain… “of more than…” Surely he remembers how long, so my phrasing is more precise and more idiomatic]
汉英翻译之“糊涂”,原因何在?
美国当代翻译家、翻译理论家Eugene Nida ,积数十年翻译之经验,他悟出了这样一个道理:
Every language form we use has meanings, carries meanings that are not in the same sense because it is associated with culture and culture is more extensive than language. Language is only part of a culture. 【我们使用的每一种语言形式都有意义,其所携带的意义并非相同,因为,它和文化相连,而文化比语言本身更广泛,语言仅仅是文化的一部分。】
长期以来,由于过于强调“语言是文化的载体”,而将语言本身的文化属性,文化烙印或多或少地被忽视了。这种学术遗憾,正在被弥补。“语言文化”一说正在被理直气壮地提了出来,并被越来越多的译界内外的人士所接受。
《红楼梦》里的凤姐在第一次见到林黛玉的时候,当着贾母的面说道:
这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿,竟是嫡亲的孙女似的。
与其说上句中的“外孙女儿”和“孙女”是一种语言现象,不如说是一种文化现象。英语并不存在相对应的表达。英语中的“外孙女儿”和“孙女”没有区别,一律称呼granddaughter。如果要作“对号入座”式的英译,就无法下笔了。
请看杨宪益和戴乃迭的精彩英译.:
Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn’t take after her father, son-in-law of our Old Ancestress, but looks more like a Jia.
1937年,在英国牛津大学留学的杨宪益偶然认识了英国姑娘戴乃迭(Gladys Tayler)。他们的相识,相恋,相爱注定将成为中国翻译史一段佳话,他们的合作注定要为中国文化在西方的传播立下一块丰碑。
本文专讲汉译英,其实,英译汉一样,To be bilingual, one must be bicultural.
成功的译者必然是一个真正意义上的文化人。

0

阅读 收藏 喜欢 打印举报/Report
  

新浪BLOG意见反馈留言板 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 产品答疑

新浪公司 版权所有