अ a Audio Player

“a” as in “father”

आ ā Audio Player

“aah” as in “aah”

इ i Audio Player

“ee” as in “meek”

ई ī Audio Player

“eee” as in “eeek”

उ u Audio Player

“oo” as in “brood”

ऊ ū Audio Player

“ooo” as in “boo”

ऋ ṛ Audio Player

“ru” as in “rude”

ॠ ṝ Audio Player

no English equivalent

ऌ ḷ Audio Player

no English equivalent

ए e Audio Player

“ay” as in “day”

ऐ ai Audio Player

“ie” as in “”die”

ओ o Audio Player

“oe” as in “doe”

औ au Audio Player

“ow” as in “cow”

अं aṃ Audio Player

ANUSVĀRA is a nasalization that approximates “m,” as in “Saṃskṛta”

अः aḥ Audio Player

VISARGA is an added aspiration, often at the end of the word, that incorporates the preceding vowel. Thus, “namaḥ” is pronounced, “namaha,” “hariḥ” is pronounced, “harihi.”