论语古文今英译

一言而兴邦

（子路篇13.15）

    定公问：“一言而可以兴邦，有诸？”孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘为君难，为臣不易。'如知为君之难也，不几乎一言而兴邦乎？”曰：“一言而丧邦，有诸？”孔子对曰：“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰：‘予无乐乎为君，唯其言而莫予违也。'如其善而莫之违也，不亦善乎？如不善而莫之违也，不几乎一言而丧邦乎？”

【译文】

    鲁定公问：“一句话就可以使国家兴盛，有这样的话吗？”孔子答道：“不可能有这样的话，但有近乎于这样的话。有人说：‘做君难，做臣不易。'如果知道了做君的难，这不近乎于一句话可以使国家兴盛吗？”鲁定公又问：“一句话可以亡国，有这样的话吗？”孔子回答说：“不可能有这样的话，但有近乎这样的话。有人说过：‘我做君主并没有什么可高兴的，我所高兴的只在于我所说的话没有人敢于违抗。'如果说得对而没有人违抗，不也好吗？如果说得不对而没有人违抗，那不就近乎于一句话可以亡国吗？”

【英译】

    The Duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a country prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expected from one sentence." There is a saying, however, which people have -'To be a prince is difficult; to be a minister is not easy.' "If a ruler knows this,-the difficulty of being a prince,-may there not be expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?" The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?" Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have-'I have no pleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what I say!'"If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them? But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"

（江湖侠客吴仲湛 编辑）