Section B 内容详解

 

①I've run out of it.我已经用完它了。

  a．run out of-=use up，意思是“将……用完”“卖光”“缺乏”。这时，句子的主语是拥有或使用某种资源的人或设备。如：

    The novels are running out.

    那本小说已经售完了。

    We are running out of the gas.

    = Our car is running out of gas.

    我们轿车里的汽油就要用完了。

    You should get some fuel ready, before you nm out of it.

    在燃料用完之前，你们应该预备一些。

  b．run out也可用于不及物动词短语，注意不能用于被动语态。如：

    Our patience is running out.

    我们快要失去耐心了。

    The food will run out within a week.

    食物将在一星期内用完。

   The fertilizer ran out days ago.

    那种化肥在几天前就没有了。

②I take after my mother.我长得像我母亲。

  take after相当于look like或be similar to，意思是“（长得）像……”。如：

  The boy takes after his father.

  那个小伙子长得像他父亲。

  His daughter doesn't take after him at all.

  他女儿长得一点儿也不像他。

  The cat is so fat that it takes after a baby tiger.

  那只猫这么胖，就像一只老虎崽儿。

  The so-called "chicken-leg" mushroom takes after a chicken's leg in shape.

  那种被叫做“鸡腿菇”的蘑菇长得还真像鸡腿。

③I fixed it up. 我把它修好了。

  a．fix up 可用来表示“修理”，相当于repair。也可以表示“安装”，相当于fasten。如：

    My radio is out of order. Could you fix it up？

    我的收音机坏了，你能给我修修吗？

    They have fixed the matter up now.

    他们现在已把这事处理好了。

    They are busy fixing up the lights.他们正忙着装电灯。

    That night they fixed up a bamboo bed for him in the front room.

    这天晚上，他们给他在前屋里搭起一张竹床。

  【注】作“维修”解时，很多时候fix，fix up ，repair，mend可互换使用。

  b．fix up还有其他一些用法，如“整理”“安排”“提供”“商妥”等。如：

    Will you fix up the room before the meeting begins？

    请你在开会之前把房间收拾一下，好吗？

    I think we can fix you up with what you want.

    我想我们能提供你所要的一切。

    I have fixed up with Mr Smith to meet us at seven o'clock tomorrow.

    我已和史密斯先生约定好，让他明天早晨七点来接我们。

    We were fixed up for the night in a hotel.

    我们被安顿在招待所里过夜。

④I gave it away.我把它送给别人了。

  gave away可表示“赠送”“分发”“（由于粗心大意而）未抓住机会”“出卖”等意思。如：

  He gave away most of his money to the poor.

  他把大部分钱都捐给穷人了。

  These pens are only five yuan each. We are almost giving them away.

  这些笔每枝只卖五元钱，我们差不多等于白送。

  The president gave away prizes at the school sports.

  校长在学校运动会上颁发奖品。

  He gave away his last chance to get the position.

  他失去了他最后获得这个职位的机会。

  She gave away business secrets to others.

  她把企业机密出卖给了别人。

⑤I am similar to her.我和她挺像的。

  a．similar是形容词，意为“相似的”“相近的”“类似的”。如：

    We have similar taste in music.

    我们对音乐的品位相近。

    I saw something similar in yesterday's newspaper.

    我在昨天的报纸上看到过类似的内容。

    I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.

    我买了一双鞋，同我曾经有过的一双非常相似。

    He was advised not to eat bread, cake, and other similar foods.

    他被劝告不要吃面包、蛋糕和其他类似食品。

  b．similar可与介词to引导的短语连用，表示“和……相近／类似”。如：

    Wheat is similar to barley.小麦和大麦很相似。

    My problems are very similar to yours.

    我的问题和你的问题很相似。

    Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.

    保罗在外貌上和他的兄弟非常相似。

    My opinions on the matter are similar to Kay's.

    我对这件事的看法和凯伊差不多。

  【注】similar表示“相近的”“类似的”，但并不完全一样；而same则表示“相同的”“同样的”，强调完全相同或一致。如：

    Her name and mine are the same.她的名字和我的相同。

    We're all of the same opinion.我们的看法都相同。

    Last week everyone was trying to cheer up Jimmy the Bike Boy. But this week, Jimmy is happy again. On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. He also put up^⑥ some signs^⑦ asking for old bikes and called up^⑧ all his friends and told them about the problem. He even handed out^⑨ advertisements at a local supermarket. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem and they set up a call-in center for parents. The strategies that he came up with worked out^⑩ fine. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don't have bikes.

    上星期，每个人都在尽量使那个叫吉米的自行车男孩开心。不过，本周吉米又一次高兴起来了。周一，他告诉一家广播电台的记者说，他已经没有购买旧自行车的钱了。他还竖立了一些标牌征寻旧自行车，打电话把他的困难告诉他的朋友们。他甚至在当地的超市散发广告。后来，他又向学校的老师们讲述了自己的困难，老师们成立了一个家长来访中心。他所想出的这些策略效果很好。他现在有十六辆旧自行车要组装，可以提供给那些没有自行车的孩子们。

⑥put up意思相当多，常用的有如下几种：

  a．put up意为“举起”。如：

    Please put up your hand if you want to answer the question.

    如果想回答问题，请先举手。

    Those who have such a book please put up your hands.

    有这本书的人，请举手!

    She put her hand up to ask for leave.

    她举手示意要请假。

  b．put up意为“搭建”“挂起”“竖起”“张贴”，相当于set up。如：

    They put the tent up for the night.

    他们支起帐篷准备过夜。

    They put up the red flag and got ready to start.

    他们高举红旗，准备好出发。

    The policemen put up many notices to catch the suspect.

    为了捉住嫌疑犯，警察贴出了很多告示。

    The students put up advertisement for old things.

    学生们贴出广告，收集旧货。

  c．put up意为“过夜”“寄宿”，相当于stay up或spend the night。如：

    He put up in a hotel on the mountain during his traveling.

    在旅游期间，他住在山上的一个旅馆里。

    Where did you put up when you were in the countryside？

    你们在农村的时候住在哪里？

    We have to find somewhere to put up.

    我们必须找个住的地方。

    I asked my son to put up in his uncle's house when I went out on business.

    我在出差期间，安排儿子在他叔叔家借宿。

  【注】put up 和put up with意思大不相同。put up with的意思是“忍耐”“忍受”。如：

    We really can't put up with his rudeness.

    我们实在容忍不了他的粗俗。

    I don't want to put up with her indifference any more.

    我无法再忍受她的冷漠了。

⑦a．名词sign可作“符号”“记号”“（身体的）示意动作”“手势”“招牌”“标志”“指示牌”“迹象”解。如：

    Do you know the signs for add, subtract, multiply, and divide？

  你知道加减乘除的符号吗？

    She put the finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet.

    她把手指放在嘴唇上示意安静。

    He nodded as a sign of agreement.

    他点头表示同意。

    The sign reads "No smoking".

    那牌子上写着禁止抽烟。

    Very dark clouds are a sign of rain.

    乌云常常是下雨的预兆。

  b．sign可以作动词，表示“签名”“签订”“做手势”。如：

    The lawyer signed the letter (或signed his name on the letter).

    律师在信上签了名。

    The teacher signed me to enter.

    老师示意我进来。

    Sign here, please.请在这里签名。

    The policeman signed to (或 for) Jenny to stop.

    警察打手势叫珍妮停下来。

⑧a．call up相当于ring up，即“给……打电话”。如：

    When he got hack to the city he called up the office.

    他回到城里时给办公室打了个电话。

    Please call me up at 8:00 this evening.

    请在今晚八点钟给我打电话。

    All right. I'll call up again.

    好吧，我回头再打电话来。

    She called up a friend just for a chat.

    她给朋友打了个电话，不过聊聊天而已。

  b．call up作“召唤”“回忆”“汇集”解释。如：

    Your letter calls up those pleasant days when we worked together.

    你的来信使我回想起往日我们共同工作的快乐日子。

    The smell of these flowers calls up my years in the countryside.

    那些花的芳香使我想起在乡下生活的年代。

    The smell of the ink called up happy memories of my school days.

    墨水的香味唤起了我对学生时代的回忆。

    This picture calls up scenes of my childhood.

    这照片使我想起童年时的情景。

  c．call up有“征召”“应征”之意。如：

    When the war broke out, they were at once called up.

    战争一爆发，他们立即就被征召入伍了。

    In most countries, men are called up at the age of 18.

    在大多数的国家，十八岁的男子要应征入伍。

  d．call up亦可作“叫醒”“唤醒”解释。如：

    Please call me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning.

    请在明天早晨六点叫醒我。

    The doctor was called up three times during the night to attend urgent cases.

    医生夜里三次被叫醒去看急症病人。

⑨a．hand out意为“分发”“散发”。如：

    Could you start handing these books out？

    请你把这些书分发出去好吗？

    Hand out the pencils.把铅笔分发给班上的每个学生。

    They handed out leaflets in the streets.

    他们在街上散发了传单。

  b．hand in意为“上交”“提交”。如：

    Each student has to hand in a composition.

    每个学生都要交一篇作文。

    I've handed in my paper. The questions are not very difficult.

    我已交卷了，题目不太难。

    Please hand in your papers at the end of the exam.

    考试完毕请把试卷交上来。

  c．hand round／around表示“传递”“分发”，尤其指沿着一个圈传递、分发。如：

    She helped to hand round／around the dishes.

    她帮忙把菜传给大家。

    They handed the flower round／around in circle order.

    他们围成一圈快速传花。

    The monkey handed a hat round／around to collect money.

    猴子拿着一顶帽子绕圈收钱。

    He was busy handing round／around cups of coffee.

    他正忙着把一杯杯咖啡分给大家。

  d．hand on表示“依次传递”，尤其指可以多人使用的东西，后面须用介词to连接所传给的对象。如：

    Please read this leaflet and hand it on.

    请阅读这本小册子并传下去给别人看。

    Please hand the note on to the next student.

    请把这便条传给下一个同学。

    When you've read this, kindly hand it on to Jim.

    阅读完毕传给吉姆。

⑩a．work out有“结果”“结果是”的意思；如：

    What does his offer work out？

    他的提议结果如何？

    Their discussion works out to de the project together.

    他们讨论的结果是一起去做该工程。

    The idea works out well.

    那个主意（实施后的）结果很好。

  b．work out还有“总计为”“拟订”“摸清”等意思。如：

    The payment of goods works out at US ＄10,000.

    货款总计为一万美元。

    Can you works out how many metric tons of cement we need？

    你能计算出我们需要多少公吨水泥吗？

    We have worked out all the measures that we should take to control the air pollution.

    我们周密制定了防治空气污染的所有措施。

    The fact of the matter is that we have not worked out what they want to do.

    事实是我们还并不知道他们想要于什么。

    Are you confident to work out him？

    你对摸透他的脾性有信心吗？

  c．work out常作“计算出”解，尤指答案、数量、价格、价值等。如：

    You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.

    你把所有的数加在一起就能算出答案了。

    See if you can work this bill out.

    看看你能不能把这份账单算出来。

    I'll give you five minutes to work out this problem.

    我给你五分钟来算出这个题目。

    When we worked out the cost we found it was cheaper than the market price.

    我们计算了一下成本，发现它比市场上的价钱要便宜。

⑥Jim takes after his father. They are both clever and a bit quiet.

  吉姆长得像他的爸爸，他们都很聪明，都有一点儿文静。

  a．a bit和a little用在肯定句中修饰形容词或副词时可通用，表示“一点儿”，“有些”。如：

    It's a bit／a little cold today.今天有点儿冷。

    He's a bit／a little tired.他有点疲倦。

    This pair of shoes is a bit／a little too large for me.

    这双鞋我穿有点大。

  b．然而not a bit和not a little的意思完全相反。not a bit表示“一点也不”；not a little表示“非常”，相当于very。如：

    I'm not a bit tired.我一点儿也不疲倦。

    I'm not a little tired.我非常疲倦。

  c．用a bit of或a little修饰不可数名词，表示“少量的”“一点儿”。如：

    Please give me a bit of／a little bread.

    请给我一点面包。

    Please lend me a bit of／a little money.

    请借给我一些钱。

  【注】a little of后面的名词一般为特指，表示“……中的一些”。如：

    May I have a bit of／a little of your ink？

    用一点你的墨水好吗？

⑦He won't stop crying.他不停地哭。

  a．对于有生命体来说，我们常用will表示意愿。如：

    Why won't you do it？ 你干吗不愿意这样做？

    I never shall do it. Never! It's what I never will do.

    我永远都不会这样做的，永远不会!这是我永远都不会做的事。

    If he'll pay, I'll go with him.

    如果他愿意付钱，我就和他一起去。

    If you'll allow me, I will see you home.

    如果你同意，我可以送你回家。

    If she won't help us, all our plans will be ruined.

    如果她不愿意帮助我们，我们所有的计划都会失败。

  【注】在后面三个例句中，If条件句中的will是表示人的意愿，而非将来时态，此处强调意愿，故未用一般现在时来表示将来的概念。

  b．对于无生命体，也可使用will表示意愿，这是一种拟人化的手段。如：

    The computer won't work.这台电脑不运作了。

    The door won't open.门开不开了。

    Your car won't start.你的车发动不起来了。