While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

        现代生活中，女性在很多领域仍然在追赶男性，但是至少在一个令人不快的方面，她们却远远超过了男性，尽管这并不是她们所乐意看到的。“和男人相比，女性在压力下尤其容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。”纽约老兵管理医院的精神科主治医师Yehuda博士说道。

       Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

        有关人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上会影响对于压力的反应，导致承受压力的雌性动物和女性人类相比雄性动物和男性人类而言，在同等条件下更加容易产生引发以上病症的化学物质。在一些研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠被切除卵巢（女性生殖器官）后，其化学反应与雄鼠是相同的。

        Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

         女性除了因压力产生的化学物质会增多之外，她们承受压力的“机会”也越来越多。 “这未必是因为女性不能处理好压力，而只是因为她们有更多的压力要去处理，”Yehuda博士说。“她们忍受压力的能力也许比男人还要大，”她观察到，“正是因为她们要应付如此之多的事情，以至于她们的疲劳更加明显和快速。”

    注：it is just that…… that……表示正是出于什么原因而发生某事。

    另外，add to 根据朗文字典的解释：to make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable；朗文字典中的例句为：This show will no doubt add to his growing reputation. 这次演出无疑会让他日益上升的声望更加如日中天。原文adding to...是倒装句，正常的语序是：Her increased “opportunities” for stress are adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals. 所以，本句应该翻译为：

1. 女性承受压力的“机会”越多就越会增强这种化学物质的过多分泌。

2. 女性承受压力的“机会”越多就会使这种过多的化学物质的分泌越严重。

3. 女性承受压力的“机会”越多就越会使她们在压力下产生过多的化学物质的现象更为显著。

4. 女性在压力下会产生过多的化学物质，让这种情况更严重的情况是其承受的压力“机会”的增加。

本人觉得翻译应该简洁合理忠于原文，所以取第一种翻译。

    有些同学的参考书把add to翻译为“除了，此外”的原因是 朗文当代英语词典中：add(ed) to that/this的意思是：used to introduce another fact that supports your opinion. 比如：Our hospitals are short of cash. Add to that the long hours doctors work, and you have a recipe for disaster.所以要加上that或this，但本文没有that 或this，所以不能翻译为“除了，此外”。

        Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

        Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。“我认为女性平时接触到的事情都是那些惯常的、重复的琐事。男人去战场，接触到的是战斗压力。男性更多接触到的是偶然的身体暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力通常发生在家庭环境中，不幸的是，这往往是父母或其他的家庭成员实施的，而且这种暴力行为发生不止一次。这些更长久关系带来的折磨能产生很大的破坏性。

        Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

       Adeline Alvarez1在18岁的时候就结婚生子，但她决意要读完大学。“为了得到大学学位我付出了很大的努力，因为我的生活中有着太多的不如意，以至于去上学、去进步、去做得更好成为了我逃避现实的方式。”后来，她离了婚，成为了一个单身母亲。“最困难的事情就是我要同时带一个十几岁的孩子、工作、付房租、养车、还要还债。我的生活就是付掉一张账单再付下一张。”

    【分析】：本句的基本句型是so…that…, 意思是“如此……以至于”。第二个that其实是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构：to go to school, and get ahead and do better.

所以可以翻译为……以至于去上学、去进步、去做得更好成为了我逃避现实的方式。

        Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

    不是每个人都会经历像Alvarez所说的那些严峻而长期的各种压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.
下面的哪一项符合文章的前两段？
[A] 妇女在生理上更容易受到压力的影响。
[B] 妇女仍然受到很多来自男人的压力
[C] 妇女比男人在应付压力方面更有经验
[D] 男人和女人在面对压力的时候显出了不同的倾向。

22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women
[A] Need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.
[B] Have limited capacity for tolerating stress.
[C] Are more capable of avoiding stress.
[D] Are exposed to more stress.
Yehuda博士的研究说明了妇女
[A] 需要额外的化学物质来应付压力
[B] 忍受压力的能力有限
[C] 更加能够避免压力
[D] 有更多的压力

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be
[A] domestic and temporary.
[B] irregular and violent.
[C] durable and frequent.
[D] trivial and random.
根据文章第四段，女人们面对的压力往往是
[A] 关于家庭的和暂时的
[B] 不规律的和暴力的
[C] 持久的和频繁的
[D] 琐碎的和随机的

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.
[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.
[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.
“I lived from paycheck to paycheck”（第五段第六行）这个句子说明
[A] Alvarez除了钱其它什么都不在乎。
[B] Alvarez的工资几乎不够支付她的家庭支出
[C] Alvarez从多份的工作中赚钱
[D] Alvarez一般都用支票来付账

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
下面哪一项是本文最好的标题？
[A] 压力无处释放？
[B] 压力下的反应：性别不同
[C] 压力分析：化学物质说了什么 或 化学物质所起的作用
[D] 性别不等：女性在压力下