用词欣赏

1Again and again he groped over the surface of the rock, feeling it, almost hugging it in the desperate need to find the entrance.

grope意思是摸索，暗中摸索，例如：

she got up and groped for her spectacles.她起床摸索着找眼镜。

she blew out the candle and groped her way to the door.她吹灭了蜡烛，摸索着走到门口。

课文写杰里在水下一次又一次地摸索那岩石表面，用grope是恰当的 。英语用grope来表示咸猪手，如：

She said she was mad because some pervert tried to grope her at the dance.

她说她疯了,因为她在跳舞的时候遇到了一些变态的咸猪手。

He was accused of groping office girls.他被控猥亵办公室女职员。

注意，作者先用动词groped over the surface of the rock,描写他摸索那岩石表面，后面用了两个分词短语和一个介词短语细写了摸索过程与目的。

2And then, once, while he was clinging to the black wall, his knees came up and he shot his feet out forward and they met no obstacle. He had found the hole. 

我们先看cling to几个用法例子：

cling to old beliefs抱守旧观念不放

He wailed and clung to his mother. 他号啕大哭，紧紧抱住他的母亲。

You cannot cling to the past.你不要执着于过去。

The children cling to their father for more pocket money.

孩子们黏着爸爸，要他再给此零花钱。

Her glass had bits of orange clinging to the rim.

她的杯口上粘有些许橙汁。

课文中he was clinging to the black wall描写他贴着岩石的时候，用cling to反映出他小心翼翼第摸索，目的是找到洞口，

his knees came up他的膝盖飘了了起来，come up在这儿寓意即将走向完美，成功，与后面的they met no obstacle. He had found the hole竟没有遇到阻碍，他终于找到那个洞口，相呼应。英语coming up roses进展顺利，如：

For four years Rodger had experienced every setback in life, and then things suddenly were coming up roses.

四年来罗杰饱受生活的各种挫折，但随后一切都好了起来。

虽然课文中come up后面没有 roses，但是结合课文语境，再联想到coming up roses，就不难想到作者用这个come up表达了即将走向完美，成功。当然come up描写日常生活，不一定都有这个寓意，如：

A nurse came up to Emma's bed. Please go now, 一位护士来到埃玛的床前。现在请离开吧。

Suddenly, the girl smiled. Then she walked across the 

street, came up to Nick's table, and sat down. She put her 

bag down on the table. The bag was half-open. 突然，女孩儿笑了。接着她穿过街道来到尼克的桌子旁坐了下 

来。她把提包放在桌子上，提包半开着。

 obstacle比较常用，如：

face obstacles at every stage of development.每一个阶段都面临重重阻碍。

A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job. 学历不够可能成为找工作的主要障碍。 

The area was full of streams and bogs and other natural obstacles.

此地遍布小溪、泥潭和其他天然障碍。  

However, size is no obstacle for owner Master Ye然而，店面大小对店主叶师傅来说不是障碍

You may encounter unexpected, non-natural obstacles like trash or discarded bottles. 也许就会遇到意料之外的、非自然的障碍，比如垃圾或废弃的瓶子。

段落赏析

He got his head in, found his shoulders jammed, moved them in sidewise, and was inside as far as his waist. He could see nothing ahead. Something soft and clammy(濕粘的) touched his mouth, he saw a dark frond moving against the greyish rock, and panic filled him. He thought of octopuses, of clinging weed. He pushed himself out backward and caught a glimpse, as he retreated, of a harmless tentacle of seaweed drifting in the mouth of the tunnel. But it was enough. He reached the sunlight, swam to shore, and lay on the diving rock. He looked down in the blue well of water. He knew he must find his way through that cave, or hole, or tunnel, and out the other side. 

He got his head in他的头进去了。注意got in用法，如：

 We worked hard to get the corn in, and to make a lot of bread. 我们勤劳地 工作，收割谷物，制成许多面包。

Your stomach is aching ,because its empty .It’ll be all right,when you get something in it.”

“你胃疼是因为它空了。你吃些东西它就好了。

这里got his head in 是把头伸进去，用英语解释大致就是put his head into the hole

found his shoulders jammed肩膀却卡着,jam描述了进退两难，陷入困境

生活中有各种各样的“jam”:

I am in a bit of a financial jam.我现在手头有点紧。

They were in a real jam.他们确实遇上麻烦了。

Thousands of cars have been stuck in a traffic jam on the M25.

数千辆车因交通堵塞在M25高速公路上停滞不前。

We were stuck in a traffic jam我们遇上了交通阻塞。

Traffic jams in the town happen everyday.

城里的交通天天堵塞。

It is rather hard sometimes during rush hours for passengers to jam into a metro train.在高峰时段，乘客有时很难挤上地铁列车。

Don't hog the emergency lane, even when you are caught in a traffic jam.开车堵的话也不抢占应急车道。

When a traffic jam occurs, it shall timely streamline or guide the traffic, and keep the traffic order.发生交通阻塞时，及时做好分流、疏导，维护交通秩序。

in a jam-packed day忙碌的一天

 It’s jam-packed with people.这里挤满了人。

接下来作者写道，杰里想办法进去，moved them in sidewise侧着身让肩膀进去，用英语解释大致可以是：turned sideways,and then got into the hole.

作者用了got，found，moved三个动词描写了杰里入洞前的动作，再and引出三个动作的结果：was inside as far as his waist也只能进到腰部，也就是说最远的，尽最大努力（as far as）也能进到腰部。到洞里他看到什么？He could see nothing ahead.前面什么也看不见。很迷茫。接下来写他的感觉：

Something soft and clammy touched his mouth, he saw a dark frond moving against the greyish rock, and panic filled him. He thought of octopuses, of clinging weed.这时，软绵绵，黏糊糊的东西碰到了他的嘴上，看见一片深色的蕨类叶子靠在灰色的岩石上晃动着，他立刻害怕了，他想到了章鱼，想到了缠人草。

  touched his mouth使我们想起儿时的游戏：

Touch your mouth.摸摸你的嘴巴。This is my mouth.这是我的嘴巴。

moving against我们会想到；

My warning to the Ayatollah was that if they continue to move against those troops, we will respond, and he should be prepared," Biden said. "It has nothing to do with Israel."我向伊朗发出的警告是，如果他们继续对美军采取行动，我们将做出回应，他们应该有所准备。”拜登强调，“这与以色列无关。” move against意思是对。。。采取行动。

You have to move against resistance and the naysayers.你必须逆流而上，不要在乎那些反对你的声音。

作者用moving agains表面上写蕨类叶子靠在灰色的岩石上晃动着，实际写杰里要必须逆流而上 move against resistance ，表现了这个小男孩顽强的精神。

看到panic filled him他立刻害怕了就想到了综合英语第一册上见过类似表达：

When she refused to pay for them,unhappiness filled the poor shoemaker's house. 那位年轻的女士不肯付款来付她定做的那双鞋，此时，穷鞋匠的家里人人愁眉不展。第二课（Ans Christian Andersen's Own Fairy Tale(1)

   He pushed himself out backward and caught a glimpse, as he retreated, of a harmless tentacle of seaweed drifting in the mouth of the tunnel. But it was enough. He reached the sunlight, swam to shore, and lay on the diving rock. He looked down in the blue well of water. He knew he must find his way through that cave, or hole, or tunnel, and out the other side. 抽身出来才瞥见那是一片无害的海草叶子在隧洞口可这已经足够了。他游出水面，到岸上，在做跳台的岩石上躺下。朝下望着那井状的水域，他知道他必须设法穿过那个管它是山洞，洞穴，还是隧洞什么的东西，到达另一端。

pushed himself out backward and caught a glimpse我们来复习一下push在综合英语出现的用法：

 I am still‎ tryin‎g to remem‎ber how she manag‎ed to push herse‎lf in with a baby on her right‎ arm, 我仍在回想‎她是怎么挤‎进车厢的，当时她右手‎抱着婴儿（Littl‎e Thing‎s  AreBig）

I pushe‎d my finge‎r down its throa‎t to feel how sharp‎ the teeth‎ were我把手伸进‎鱼的嘴巴，看看它的牙‎齿有多锋利‎（In the Labor‎atory‎

）

The door opene‎d a littl‎e and was quick‎ly pushe‎d to again‎。门打开了一‎条缝，很快又关上‎了（The Great‎ Idea of Mr. Budd ()

）

注意push onrself有超越自我意思。

A man 's will power is not enough to push himself, and he fails

当一个人的意志力量不够推动他自己，他就会失败。

Live boldly. Push yourself. Don’t settle.勇敢面对人生，突破自己，别得过且过。

课文中pushed himself out backward and描写抽身出来，其中pushed himself表达了这个男孩不惧困难，要突破自己的决心。

backward在前面的课文出现 过：

The nightmare of filth(骯臟), outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. 

从马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德到纽约中央车站的旅程，一路上车里车外肮脏得像噩梦般可怕。这种情况在落后的欧洲也是无法接受的。 （Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart?

）

 backward意思是朝后，向后。课文用这个词描写把身抽出来。这个词在口语有：

You've got your shirt on backwards!你把衬衣穿反了

My shoes are on backwards!我的鞋子穿反了!

the crowd stampeded backward, knocking more shelves over;人群惊慌后退，撞倒了更多的书架。

注意，课文既用pushed himself又用backward除了字面意义写杰里从洞里抽出身外，还暗示着他一方面想加把劲，勇敢面对pushed himself又感到害怕，退缩，溜之大吉，畏惧两种情况。

as he retreated：retreat：撤退;后退;退却;(由于批评或环境过于恶劣)改变主意。课文前面讲了He pushed himself out backward and caught a glimpse本身就说明了后退，此时再用as he retreated表达了在后退过程中看到的情形

drifting in the mouth of the tunnel：the mouth here is the opening of the tunnel.

He knew he must find his way through that cave, or hole, or tunnel,..这句话意思是杰里搞不懂，不敢确定水下的那个洞口到底是啥洞口。

way through比较常用：

And she pushed her way through the crowd, following Mr Slope于是她从人群里挤开一条道，跟着斯洛普先生走了过去。

I waited in the kitchen until it was light enough outside 

for me to find my way through the deep snow back to 

Thrushcross Grange. 我在厨房等着，直到外面的天光能使我在深深的雪地里找到回画眉山庄的路。

I tried to steer along the edge of the sandbank, hoping to find a way through. 我努力把船沿着沙洲边缘开，想找个办法脱险

I've worked it all out. Dollmann knew his way through the sands, by the Telte channel, and his yacht was big enough to manage it. 多尔曼知道如何从泰尔特水道穿过沙洲，他的游艇也够大，能够完成这段航程。

That is where I can find the unusual plants and butterflies. 

And that's why I found my way through the marsh. 那便是我能觅到稀有植物和蝴蝶的处所。而且那便是我为何能在泥潭中找到了路的原因。

When medicine has finished making its way through your body, it doesn't just disappear. 药物在体内消化后，并不会彻底消失

The cyclist was weaving his way through the busy traffic. 那个骑自行车的人在车水马龙中迂回穿行。