第5段：
During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower
into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an
automobile. This self-elected deprivationwas a way into the nastier
side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails,
public amenities decay or are prevented from coming into being. The
rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to
forget. The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the
trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be
accepted in backward Europe. But far worse is the nightmare of
travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not
exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust
fumes . This is part of the price of individual
ownership.
1. During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite
flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not
possess an automobile.
在新泽西州的一年中，我听
第3段
In New Jersey, I never had to shiver by a fire that wouldn't
draw, or go without canned food . America made me develop new
appetites in order to make proper use of the supermarket. A
character in Evelyn Waugh's Put out More Flags said that the
difference between prewar and postwar life was that, prewar, if one
thing went wrong the day was ruined(毀滅了); postwar, if one thing
went right the day would be made. America is a prewar country,
psychologically(心理上的) unprepared for one thing to go wrong. Hence
the neurosis, despair, the Kafka feeling that the whole marvelous
fabric of American life is coming apart at the seams.
第1句：
In New Jersey, I never had to shiver by a fire that wouldn't
draw, or go without canned food .
在新泽西州，我从来不坐在通风不良的炉前发抖。或吃不上罐头。
go without：没有；单独，忍受没有……之苦
The poor boy often had to go without supper.这
先看课文第一段：
I am back in Bracciano, a
castellated(城堡式) town about
13 miles north of Rome, after a year in New Jersey. I find the
Italian Government still unstable, gasoline more expensive than
anywhere in the world, butchers and bank clerks and tobacconists
ready to go on strike at the drop of a hat， neo-fascists at their dirty work, the
hammer and sickle painted on the rumps of public statues, a
thousand-lira note (officially worth about $1.63) shrunk to the
slightness of a dollar bill.
这是文章开头一段。共有两句
He rushed to the villa and found his mother at her
supper
rush以前在综合英语见过：
Someone at the hospital called the Red Cross office in
Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent
to the Red Cross director of the North Carolina Marine Corps
camp有人给红十字会布鲁克林办事处打了个电话，要求北卡罗来那海军陆战队营区红十字会主任让那位战士立即赶到布鲁克林。Night
Watch
An elderly man had collapsed while crossing the street,
and an ambulance rushed him to Kings County Hospital.
一位老人在过马路时突然晕倒在地，一辆救护车把他赶紧送往金司县医院。
On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four
doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. 在电
用词欣赏
1Again and again he groped over the surface of the rock,
feeling it, almost hugging it in the desperate need to find the
entrance.
grope意思是摸索，暗中摸索，例如：
she got up and groped for her spectacles.她起床摸索着找眼镜。
she blew out the candle and groped her way to the
door.她吹灭了蜡烛，摸索着走到门口。
课文写杰里在水下一次又一次地摸索那岩石表面，用grope是恰当的 。英语用grope来表示咸猪手，如：
She said she was mad because some pervert tried to grope her
at the dance.
她说她疯了,因为她在跳舞的时候遇到了一些变态的咸猪手。
He was accused of groping office girls.他被控猥亵办公室女职员。
注意，作者先用动词groped over the surface of the
rock,描写他摸索那岩石表面，后面用了两个分词短语和一个介词短语细写了摸索过程与目的。
2And then, once, while he was clinging to the black wall, his
knees came up and he shot his feet out forward and they met no
obstacle. He had fou
在课文中有一段：
Under him, six or seven feet
down, was a floor of perfectly clean, shining white sand, rippled
firm and hard by the tides。Two greyish shapes steered
there, like long, rounded pieces of wood or slate. They were fish.
He saw them nose towards each other, poise
motionless(一動不動), make a dart forward,
swerve off(突然轉向, and come round again. It
was like a water dance. A few inches above them, the water
sparkled(
do so用法一般语法书讲替代重复部分，这里的“重复”值得思考一下，为了理解do so的内涵，我们先看新概念英语do
so两个句子： 1.While John Gilbert was in hospital， he asked his
doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful， but
the doctor refused to do
so.当约翰。吉尔伯特住院的时候，他问医生他的手术是否成功，但医生拒绝告诉他。 2. At night， when you
really wish to go to sleep， you rarely manage to do
so。到了夜晚，你真想睡了，却很难入睡。
句子1，讲吉尔伯特住院的时候，他想知道他的手术是否成功，那自然是反反复复地，经常性地，纠缠着医生问，在这个反反复复地，纠缠着问的过程中，医生拒绝告诉他，这里的do
so有替代重复部分语法功能，但是它的深层含义重复意味着反反复复地，意味着一个过程，f结合这句话，这个过程指得是他反反复复地问医生他的手术是否成功的，用do
so 放大了“问”的反反复复的重复。 句子2，到了夜晚，你真想睡了，却很难入睡，作者用do
so描述，刻画了一个人在夜晚失眠的情景，想睡的过程反反复复的重复，这个过程是多么痛苦。
我在外研社出版牛津书虫见过下边的句子：
在张汉熙高级英语第三版第一第一课有一句：
Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that
Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the
Gulf of Mexico.
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
作者warnings，照应前面说卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛，故而反复多次不断地播放着飓风警报，warnings名词复数形式很好地体现了这一点，就是多次，反复。
又如，在新概念英语第三册有一句：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously
在这里reports用的是名词复数形式，它告诉我们，向动物园报告有野生美洲狮的报告不止一个人报告，问题中告诫孩子不要浪费粮食不止一次，要经常讲，反复讲，所以用
warnings
在 And this learning process took years, if not most of one’s
lifetime 中插入一个 if not，先看主语 this learning process（学习过程），谓语 took
years（花费，要用数年），再说 most of one’s lifetime（一个人一生大部分时间），在语气上，most of
one’s lifetime 有更进一步的强调。因此，这里的 “if no' means in the following
sentence“perhaps even（也许甚至）”，说话人说学习过程要用数年，用 if not
把学习过程漫长性展示出来。英语让步实际意义却是“进一步”，语意有所加强。
这里的 grow to be so large中 to be最好不要去掉。 grow to be so large和
grow so large在意思上有差别。
例如：新概念英语第二册有一句：
Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large：the warm
water round the hot oil pipes under the sea. Three factors have
caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot
oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown
overboard by the crews on the rigs； the total absence of fishing
boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat
and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats
who？这些鱼能长得这么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水这些鱼能长得这么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？
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