that与what在名词性从句中的用法区别

                    教学设计

                                   英语必修三Unit4

               （适用对象：高一至高三学生均适用）

                                    临潼中学 梁辉

设计主题：that与what在名词性从句中的用法区别

设计思路：在名词性从句的引导词中，that与what的用法是高考考查的重难点之。虽然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同，在语法填空及改错中出现的频率极高。学生对这两个词用法掌握极为重要。

内容分析：that在引导名词性从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不作句子成分时，只起连接作用，称为从属连词。

What在引导名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，称为连接代词。

学情分析：名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that 和what 的用法, 不少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。同学们在做题过程中，不注重分析从句句子成分，经常会出现误用。

Teaching aims:  

1.知识目标Get students to know “that” and “what” used in the noun clause, and enable students to use them correctly and flexibly.

2. 情感目标 Get students to become interested in grammar learning.

Develop students’ sense of group cooperation.

Teaching key points:

Help students analyze sentences structure and let them get the usage of “that” and “what” in the none clause.

Teaching difficulties:

How to help students analyze sentences structure and get them know the differences between“that” and “what” .

Teaching procedure:

Step I.  Greetings and leading in

Hello, everyone! First, please look at the sentence in your homework.

Don’t put off that can be done until tomorrow.

Lots of students cannot find the error in this sentence. Here “that” should be changed into “what”. Today we will see the differences between “that” and “what” in the noun clause.

(设计意图：To inspire students’ desire to learn it. )

Step II.  The usage of “that” and “what” in the noun clause.

1. Observe two sentences carefully and tell how “that” and “what” used in them.

Love and patience are essential qualities, and they’re what a teacher should have.

解析：what引导表语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，表示“——的东西”。句意：爱和耐心是基本素质，它们是一个老师应当具备的。

That he will come here to see us is certain.

解析：is之前是主语，故that 引导主语从句，从句是一个句意完整、语气确定的陈述语，that在从句中没有具体意思，不充当任何成分。

句意：他会来这里看我们，这是肯定无疑的。

2. Summarize the differences between “that” and “what”.

名词性从句中区分that 与what 的关键是：

分析句子结构，看从句是否缺主干成分。如果不缺少主干成分，就用that,如果缺少主干成分（主语、宾语、表语等）且表示“——的东西或事情”，就用what。

(设计意图：Help students to get the usage of “that” and “what” in the    noun clause.）

Step III. Practice

高考链接：给学生展示高考真题，来检测前几步学习的掌握情况，以及进一步使学生能灵活运用。

1. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. （天津）

2. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. （湖南卷29）

3. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (全国卷)

4. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津卷)

5. The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. (2012江苏卷)

Answer:  1.that   2.what 3.what 4.what   5.that

Step V. 板书设计.

Step VI. 教学反思

通过例句分析以及练习，学生们学会了通过分析从句句子成分来确定引导词，掌握了that 与what在引导名词性从句的具体用法。要真正掌握What  和that 在名词性从句中的用法，还得多多操练,熟能生巧（Practice makes perfect）。