“空间薄壁”罗马小体育宫

Palazzetto Dello Sport of Rome

罗马小体育宫由意大利建筑师A.维泰洛齐和工程师P.L.奈尔维设计，为1960年在罗马举行的奥林匹克运动会修建的练习馆，这座朴素而优美的体育宫是奈尔维的结构设计代表作之一，在现代建筑史上占有重要地位。

The Palazzetto dello Sport, designed by architect Annibale Vitellozzi and its reinforced thin-shell concrete dome was engineered by Pier Luigi Nervi under the direction of Engineer Giacomo Maccagno, is an indoor arena located in Piazza Apollodoro in Rome, Italy. Built for the 1960 Summer Olympics, it plays an important role in modern architecture.





小体育宫平面为圆形，直径60米，屋顶是一球形穹顶，在结构上与看台脱开。穹顶的上部开一小圆洞，底下悬挂天桥，布置照明灯具，洞上再覆盖一小圆盖。就视觉而言，略嫌低小。穹顶宛如一张反扣的荷叶，由沿圆周均匀分布的36个"丫"形斜撑承托，把荷载传到埋在地下的一圈地梁上。斜撑中部有一圈白色的钢筋混凝土"腰带"，是附属用房的屋顶，兼作联系梁。球顶下缘由各支点间均分，向上拱起，避免了不利的弯距。

Inaugurated in 1957, it has a 3,500 seating capacity for basketball games. The venue hosted basketball among other sports during the Olympic Games. Presently, the Palazzetto dello Sport also hosts volleyball matches. At its inauguration, the facility incorporates a first-aid center, four groups of dressing-rooms along with an official dressing room, a medical sports centre, a management office and a press room with 12 telephone booths, two store rooms and basement-located Heating and air-conditioning equipment.Seating could be configured for 3,500 basketball spectators and up to 5,600 for boxing or wrestling spectators.

小体育宫的外形比例匀称，小圆盖、球顶、丫形支撑、"腰带"等各部分划分得宜。小圆盖下的玻璃窗与球顶下的带形窗遥相呼应，又与屋顶、附属用房形成虚实对比。"腰带"在深深的背景上浮现出来，既丰富了层次，又产生尺度感。丫形斜撑完全暴露在外，混凝土表面不加装饰，显得强劲有力，表现出体育所特有的技巧和力量，使建筑获得强烈的个性。

The arena is constructed with a ribbed concrete shell dome 61m in diameter, itself constructed of 1620 prefabricated concrete pieces, braced by concrete flying buttresses. As much of the structure was prefabricated, so that the dome was erected in 40 days.