单词详解

1. darkness  n. 黑暗

翻译：这间房间处于完全的黑暗之中。

The room was in complete darkness.

派生：dark  adj. 黑暗的

a dark horse 深藏不露的人

keep the secret dark 保密

2. explain  v. 解释，叙述

结构：explain sth. to sb.

翻译：请向我解释下理由。

Please explain the reason to me.

派生：explanation  n. 解释

3. coast  n. 海岸（临近海洋的较宽阔的陆地）

词组：on the coast  在海岸上

4. storm  n. 暴风雨

扩展：thunderstorm  雷雨交加

      snowstorm    暴风雪

      sandstorm     沙尘暴

5. towards  prep. 向，朝（= to）；接近，临近（时间上的）

6. rock  n. 岩石，礁石

7. shore  n. 海岸

8. light  n. 灯光

9. ahead  adv. 在前面

10. cliff  n. 峭壁

词组：on the cliff  在悬崖峭壁上

11. struggle  v. 挣扎，斗争

12. hospital  n. 医院

课文解析

1. Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

l 句式：Nearly a week passed before … 一周之后才……

翻译：一个月之后，警方才逮捕了犯人。

    A month passed before the police arrested the criminal.

l 辨析：pass V.S. past 判断词性和含义：

He passed my house this morning. v. 经过

He walked past my house. prep. 经过

He told me about his past experiences. adj. 过去的

He seems to live in the past. n. 过去

l 词组：set out from 从……出发

      set out for 出发去……

l 词组：be caught in … 突然遇上……

翻译：昨晚，我突然遇上了大雨，淋成了落汤鸡。

          Last night, I was caught in the heavy rain, and got completely wet.

2. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.

l 词组：towards evening 临近晚上

towards exam   临近考试

l into 反义词：out of（方位介词详见语法重点）

翻译：消防官兵冲进大楼，最终把他们都从大火中救出来了。

    The firefighters rushed into the building, and finally saved all of

    them out of the fire.

3. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

l after 词性：介词  spending是动名词

翻译：在走过了几千米的路程后，他们终于到达了撒哈拉大沙漠。

    They finally reached the Sahara Desert after covering several

    thousand meters.

4. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

l 词组：a distance of +具体长度表示具体的距离

翻译：Mike 从他家到学校每天要走三英里的路程。

Mike covers a distance of three miles from his house to school

every day.

5. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

l 词组：early next morning 第二天一大早

6. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.

l 单词：up  表示在上面的、 在较高处的

7. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

l on doing（前后必须同一主语）一……就……

原句= As soon as she had arrived at the shore, the girl struggled …

翻译：一得知儿子的喜讯，母亲便开始忙着为他张罗婚礼。

  On hearing the good news from her son, the mother began to

  prepare for his wedding.

= As soon as she had heard the good news from her son, the

  mother began to prepare for his wedding.

8. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

l 语法：she remembered 是定语从句，省略了关联词that

【思考1】

你还知道哪些以-ness为后缀的名词？

carefulness 仔细，慎重

usefulness 有用

【趣味知识】

Explanation is concealing.

猜猜是什么意思？

解释就是掩饰。

【思考2】

coast 与 shore 有什么区别?

coast指靠近海洋的陆地（陆域）

shore指靠近陆地的海洋（水域）

【思考3】

ahead of time是什么意思？

提前

【思考4】

All the past is past.怎么翻译？

 往事如烟不可追/

 好汉不提当年勇

【复习】

“出发”还有什么表达？

set off 

【思考5】

cover的意思多样，你还知道哪些意思?

v. 覆盖；掩护

n. 封面

短语from cover to cover是什么意思？

从头至尾