when是英语基础基本词汇之一,也是高中英语中的重点连词。它的用法较为复杂,给中学生造成一定的理解与用法方面的困难。本文就when常见用法归纳如下,以便更好地理解与运用。
1. when可以作“既然,考虑到,鉴于”解,引导原因状语从句,相当于“since, now that, as或 considering that”。
How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me?
既然他们不愿意听我说,我怎么能帮助他们了解呢?
How can you expect to learn anything when you are always absent ?
既然你老是旷课,你怎会期望学到东西呢?
2. when可以用作连词,意为“就在这时/那是(突然)”(=at this/that time)、“然后”(=and then),通常与“be about to do…”“be doing…”或“be on the point of doing…”等连用。
I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and stopped me.
我即将要去游泳,就在这时我们的导游看到并且阻止了我。
Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park when she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
杰西梅跟家人正在野生动物公园度假,这是突然被狮子咬伤了腿。
3.when可以引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;然而;尽管”,相当于although。
My aunt usually does the housework herself when she might ask her servant for help.
我姑姑总是亲自做家务活,尽管她可以叫她的佣人来帮忙。
He walks when he might take a taxi.
虽然他可以坐出租车,他还是步行。
3. when可以用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词(此时相当于while),亦可以是终止性动词。
When I heard the song, I couldn’t help crying.
当我听到这首歌时,我忍不住哭了。
5.when可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就”,相当于as soon as。
I tell her about it when she comes back.
她一回来我就把这件事告诉她。
6.when可以当做 “如果,要是”解,引导条件状语从句,相当于if。但作“如果,要是”解时,通常表示对某事是否会发生有把握,if则表示对某事能否发生没把握。
How can you hope for mercy when you show none?(含有You never show mercy.这个事实。)
如果你不宽恕别人,你怎么能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?
7.when可以用作关系副词,引导定语从句。这时when在从句中作时间状语。
There are times when joking is not permissible.
有的时候开玩笑是不许可的。
You’d better put off the game until next week, when the weather may be cooler.
你们最好将比赛推迟到下个星期,那时天气也许会凉爽一些。
8. when引导时间状语从句时,如果主、从句主语一致或从句主语为it,且从句中的谓语部分含有be的形式,可将从句主语和be省略,构成“when+ doing/done”结构:
When completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
博物馆竣工后,明年就向公众开放。
When doing his homework, Harry kept on thinking about the football match that afternoon.
做着作业,哈利一直想着那天下午的足球赛。
9. when可以用于固定句型“hardly/scarcely…when…”,意为“一 ……就……”。使用该句型时要注意:①.hardly/scarcely后的谓语动词要用过去完成时,when后谓语动词要用过去时。②.hardly/scarcely位于句首时,其后的句子要部分倒装,而when引导的句子不倒装。
He had hardly left home when it began to rain.
他刚出门就下雨了。
Hardly had we uttered the words when she began crying.
我们刚要说话,她就哭了。
10. when可以用作连接副词,引导名词性从句。when在从句中既起连接作用,同时也作状语。
I remember when this used to be a quiet village.
我记得当时这里曾是个安静的村庄。
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