第五十八课

 

一．生词和短语精讲与拓展

 

（一）   blessing noun [通常用作单数]上帝的恩宠；祝福

[idm] a blessing in disguise (noun 伪装物；伪装) 因祸得福；祸中有福

 

（二）   disguise noun [U.C.]伪装物；[U]伪装 vt. ~ somebody as somebody/something 假扮；装扮；伪装

 

（三）tiny adj. 极小的，微小的，微量的；（tinier, tiniest）

      例句：Only a tiny majority hold such extreme views. 仅极少数人持有这样的极端观点。

 

（四）possess (不用于进行时态)

1.       vt. (formal) 有，拥有

例句：The school possesses a great number of students. 这所学校有很多学生。

2.       vt. (formal) 具有（特别的性质或特点）

例句：The metal possesses a high melting point。这种金属熔点很高。

     I’m afraid that he doesn’t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有幽默感。

possession noun

1.       [U] (formal) 具有；拥有

in possession of something : The thief was caught in possession of the stolen money. 小偷被抓住，人赃并获。

in one’s possession : With the handbag in their possession, two thieves began to run as quickly as possible. 两个小偷拿到手提包后便开始尽快地跑走。

            2. [possessions] 个人财产；个人物品 [SYN belongings] personal possessions

 

have 有，拥有（普通用语）

own  (不用于进行时态) vt. (formal) 有，拥有 (尤指买来的东西，表示所有权)

例句：Do you own your house or do you rent it?

 

(五) cursed adj. 带有符咒的；遭受诅咒之苦的

         例句：It seems that the family is cursed. 似乎这个家遭到了诅咒。

curse (1) noun [C] 咒；咒语

     例句：They thought that they were under a curse. 他们认为自己受人诅咒。

     (2) vi. to swear 诅咒

例句：He hit his head when he stood up and cursed loudly. 他站起身时撞了头，于是大声咒骂。

            vt. curse somebody / something for something 咒骂；诅咒；在心里诅咒

           例句：The patient cursed the doctor for the expensive drugs. 因为药品昂贵，病人咒骂医生。

 

(六) increase verb 增加；增加；（使）增长

          例句：The government has greatly increased the interest rate. 政府已经大幅度提高了利率。

          Noun [C.U.] increase in something 增长；增多；增加

          例句：An increase has been seen in China’s population. 中国人口已经增长。

     increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地

        increasingly important measures 越来越重要的措施

        It is increasingly clear that climate change can not be easily controlled. 越来越明显的是，气候变化不能轻易得到控制。

 

（七）plant noun

          1. [C] 植物 flowering / garden / indoor plants 开花/花园/室内植物

          2. [C] 工厂 a car plant 一家汽车制造厂

          vt. 种植；栽种；播种 to plant and harvest rice 种植并收获水稻

 

(八) evil adj.1. (指人) enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruel 恶毒的；邪恶的 an evil man 恶人

2. 有害的；道德败坏的 evil deeds 恶行

        noun [U] 邪恶；罪恶；恶行 [OPP good] the eternal struggle between good and evil 善

与恶永远的斗争

evilly adv. 邪恶地；阴险地 to look evilly at somebody 阴险地看着某人

 

（九）reputation noun [C. U.] ~ as something; ~ for something / for doing something 名誉；名声 to earn / establish / build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立名誉；

to have a good / bad reputation 有好/坏名声；

to damage / ruin one’ s reputation 有损/损坏某人的名誉；

              例句：She soon acquired a reputation as a good teacher. 她不久就获得了优秀教师的名誉。

     repute noun [U] (formal) 名誉；名声 （SYN reputation）

     reputable adj. 声誉好的；值得信赖的 [SYN respected] a reputable company / supplier 可信赖的公司/供应商

 

（十）claim verb

      1. 宣称；声称；断言

         例句：He claims that he was not given a fair treatment. 他声称自己没得到公平的待遇。

2. 要求（拥有）；索取；认领

         例句：Some lost articles were never claimed. 一些遗失的小物品从没有人认领。

3. 索要；索取

         例句：He is not entitled to claim unemployment benefit. 他无权索要失业救济金。

4.       vt. (灾难、事故等) 夺走，夺取（生命）

例句：The plane crash claimed forty lives. 飞机坠毁导致四十人死亡。

      noun

1.       [C.] 声称；宣称；断言

2.       [C. U.]（尤指对土地、财产等要求拥有的）所有权

3.       [C.] (尤指向公司、政府等)索款；索赔

lay claim to something 声称对…的拥有权；提出对…的所有权

 

（十一）victim noun 受害者；罹难者；罹病者；牺牲品

      murder victims 谋杀案受害者

      earthquake victims 地震罹难者

      Ordinary people are victims of cuts in spending. 普通人是消减费用的牺牲品。

      victim support [U.] 受害人援助（警方提供）

      [idm] fall victim to something 受伤；受损；受害

 

（十二）source noun

1.       来源；出处

例句：The Internet is a useful source of information. 互联网是很有用的信息来源。

2.       起源；根源；原因

a source of violence 暴力的根源；a source of confusion 困惑的缘由

      3.  源头；发源地

          the source of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地

     

      resource noun [C. 通常用作复数] 指国家或个人拥有的资源或财力

 

（十三）income noun: the money a person, a region, or a country earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc.收入；收益；所得

      people on high /low incomes 高 / 低收入的人

      Tourism is a major source of income for the area. 旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源

      income tax (个人)所得税

      incoming adj. (用于名此前)新当选的；新任的

      the incoming government / president/ administration 新一届政府 / 总统 / 行政当局

 

      revenue noun [U.] (也可用revenues [pl.] the money that a government receives from taxes or an organization , etc. receives from its business 财政收入；税收收入；收益 [SYN receipts]

              例句：The school’s annual revenues rose by 15 percent. 学校的年收益上涨了15%。

          

课文精讲

 

1.       The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’. 据说小村庄弗兰利有一棵“带有符咒的树”。

of：(此处用于表示性质、组成或涵盖）即；由…组成

例：the city of Dublin 都柏林市；the city of Tianjin 天津市

the issue of housing 住房问题；a crowd of people 一群人

    主语 + be + said + to do = It is said that …，都可以表达“据说”，可互换，故本句可写为：It is said that the tiny village of Frinley possesses a ‘cursed tree’.

2.       Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. 因为这棵树在报纸上提到过，因此，游览弗兰利的游客现在已经增加了。

本句是复合句，包含一个由because引导的原因状语从句；在原因状语从句中，使用了一般过去时的被动语态；在报纸上，使用介词in。

比较：the number of 和a number of

（1）       the number of + 复数名词，“…的数量”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数；

例句：Since the reform started, the number of workers laid off has greatly increased.

（2）       a number of + 复数名词，“一些”，“许多”；主语是复数名词，a number of 作定语，相当于some, many 或a lot of, 在number前还可按需加上large, great, good，small等；当它修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例句：A large number of foreign visitors came to the Great Wall yesterday afternoon.

 

3.       The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. 这棵树是五十年前在教堂附近种下的，但却是在近年，才有了不好的名声。

本句中，it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.是强调句结构。

强调句结构：It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who…

      例句：It was Li Lei who / that came to my office this morning. （强调主语）

            It is in the park that I like walking every morning. （强调地点状语）

鉴别“强调句”的方法是，去掉It is / was … that / who…结构后，句子依然成立，即是强调句的特点。

 

4.       It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. 据说，如果有人摸了这棵树，就会遭遇厄运；如果有人捡起一片树叶，就会死亡。

It is said that… 据说…

类似的句子还有：

It is believed that…

It is considered that…

It is suggested that…

It is well-known that…

It is thought that…

It is reported that…

It is hoped that…

It is told that…

在本句的that从句中，包含有if 引导的条件状语从句，并且谓语动词时态遵循“主将从现”。

luck 为不可数名词。

 

5.       Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. 许多村民相信，这棵树已经害了许多人。

本句包含由that引导的宾语从句。

 

6.       The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. 有人要求牧师找人把这棵树砍掉，但至今，牧师都不肯这样做。

本句为并列句，The vicar has been asked，被动语态，在被动语态句子中，动词不定式to have the tree cut down 作主语补足语，the vicar 是动词不定式的逻辑主语；

have sth. done 和 have sb. do sth.:

(1)    have sth. done: “让某事被做”，即：主语自己不做这件事，而是“让人把这件事做了”；例：I have my coat washed yesterday. 昨天，我让人把我的大衣洗了。

(2)    have sb. do sth.: “让某人做某事”，例：I have him wash his coat. 我让他把自己的大衣洗了。

 

7.       He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. 他指出，这棵树是有用的收入来源，因为，全国各地的游客都来此参观这棵树。

本句是复合句，包含that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，包含一个as引导的原因状语从句。

 

8.       In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. 尽管有上述情况，游客们还是拾树叶，并在树干上刻下自己的名字。

In spite of all that has been said：为介词短语，其中that has been said为定语从句，修饰先行词all，当先行词指物，并且先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, anything, nothing,, none 等不定代词，或被any, few, little, no, all 等修饰时，其定语从句由关系代词that引导，而不能用which引导。

 

9.       So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death. 到目前为止，他们中还没有一个人突然死亡。

so far 到目前为止；迄今为止；到这点为止

not one of: 一个也没有；比none of 或 no one, nobody 要强；no one 和 nobody 不能与of 连用。

strike sb. down [通常用于被动语态]：

（1）       摧垮；使病倒；使丧命 The young man was struck down by cancer.

（2）       击倒；撞到（某人）

 

（三）   语法精讲 

1.       sb. / sth.(主语) + be + said / reported / believed … + to do… 结构与 It is said / reported / believed that …表达同样的意思，可以互换使用。

 

2. 强调句：

（1）       强调句的基本结构：It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who…可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。

            例句：It was Li Lei who / that came to my office this morning. （强调主语）

                  It was Nancy that I met yesterday. (强调宾语)

                  It is in the park that I like walking every morning. （强调地点状语）

（2）       鉴别“强调句”的方法是，去掉It is / was … that / who…结构后，句子依然成立，意思依然完成，即是强调句的特点。

（3）       强调句的一般疑问句是将be 动词移到句首：

It was Nancy that I met yesterday. Was it Nancy that you met yesterday?

 

（4）       在强调主语时，that / who后面的谓语动词要与被强调的部分保持人称和数的一致。

例：It is the government that has raised the income of ordinary people.

（5）       强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词（Who/What/When/Where/Why/How…）+ is/was it that…?

例：Where is it that you like walking every morning?

Who was it that you met yesterday?

         (6)   对not…until…句式的强调：有固定的句型：It is/was not until…that…。

               例：It was not until the midnight that he finished his homework.

(7)      强调句的否定疑问句及其答语：否定疑问句和答语应与It is / was … that /    

who…结构保持一致。

      例：Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

          Yes, it was.

(8)      强调状语从句：例：It was after he got what he had desired that he realized   

it was not so important. 本句强调时间状语从句after he got what he had desired。

(9)      强调名词性从句：例：It is when we will go abroad that has not been

decided. (强调主语从句)

        （10）让步状语从句、since 或as 引导的原因状语从句不能作为被强调部分。