第五十七课

 

一．生词和短语精讲与拓展

 

（一）   madam noun（在正式或商务场合与女性说话或给女性写信时）夫人；女士

例：Can I help you, madam? 要帮忙吗，夫人？

       Dear madam 尊敬的女士/夫人（用于书信开头，同dear sir）

 

（二）   jeans noun [pl.] 牛仔裤 a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤；a faded pair of blue jeans 一条褪了色的蓝色牛仔裤

 

（三）hesitate verb

       (1) hesitate about/over something （对某事）犹豫，迟疑不决

       例句：I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the job. 我毫不犹豫接受了那份工作。

       (2) hesitate to do something 顾虑，疑虑

例句：Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have some queries. 如有疑问，请尽管与我联系。

 

拓展：

hesitation noun 例句：I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job. 我毫不犹豫推荐她做这项工作。

hesitancy noun [U] 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑不决

例句：I noticed hesitancy in his voice. 我注意到他的声音充满犹豫。

hesitant adj. be hesitant about something; be hesitant to do something；犹豫的；踌躇的；不情愿的；勉强的；a hesitant smile 勉强的笑容

例句：I am still hesitant about going abroad to study.

 

(四) serve verb

(1)    接待；服务；例句：Who served you, sir? 谁接待的您，先生？

She was serving behind the counter. 她正在柜台后面接待顾客。

(2)    serve something with something; serve something to somebody; serve somebody something （给某人）提供；端上

例句：Breakfast is served at 7 in the morning. 早上七点提供早餐。

      They served a wonderful meal to more than 50 people. 他们给50多人提供了一顿美餐。

(3)    （食物的量）够…吃或用；例句：The food can serve two hungry people. 这些食物够两个饥饿的人吃。

 

拓展：

service noun （对顾客的）接待；服务

server noun 服务器

serve something up 端上（食物）He served up a delicious meal. 他端上一顿可口的饭菜。

 

（五）scornfully adv. 轻蔑地 例句：She looked at him scornfully. 她轻蔑地看着他。

       拓展：

       scornful adj. 轻蔑的；鄙夷的 be scornful of something [SYN contemptuous]

       例句：a scornful laugh 轻蔑的笑

                She was scornful of such behavior. 她看不起这样的行为。

       scorn：

（1）noun [U] 轻蔑；鄙夷 scorn for somebody/something [SYN contempt]

       例句：They had nothing but scorn for his political views. 他们对他的政治观点只有轻蔑。

       （2）verb 轻蔑；鄙视 例句：She scorned their views as old-fashioned. 她对他们的观点嗤之以鼻，认为过时了。

 

（六）punish verb (vt) 处罚；惩罚 punish somebody for something / doing something

       例句：He was punished for not finishing his homework. 他因没完成作业，而受到处罚。

                  My teacher used to punish me by not letting me go home. 我的老师过去常常不让我回家，以此作为处罚。

    拓展：

    punishment noun [U. C.] 惩罚；处罚 punishment for something

    punitive adj. 惩罚的；处罚的 punitive measures 处罚性措施

 

（七）eager adj. (eager for something / eager to do something) very interested or excited by sth. that is going to happen or about sth. that you want to do 热切的；渴望的；渴求的 [SYN keen]

     例句：She was eager for her parents’ praise. 她渴望得到父母的赞扬。

    拓展：

eagerly adv.

eagerness noun [U. sing] We don’t need to hide our eagerness to be loved or cared. 我们不必掩饰我们渴望得到爱和关心。

 

二．课文精讲

 

1.       A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. 一位穿牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前。

in prep. wearing something 穿着；戴着；后面可接衣物，如：in a red coat; 也可接颜色，如：a woman in red 穿红色衣服的女性

at the window of：at 在…旁边（很近）

expensive adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的；价格高的；高档的 an expensive restaurant 高档餐厅

expensively adv.

expense noun [U] 费用；价钱

 

2.       Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. 虽然她犹豫了片刻，最后还是进去并要求看看橱窗里的一件衣服。

本句是主从复合句，包含一个though 引导的让步状语从句。

for a moment 片刻，一下儿

拓展：

moments later 过了一会儿

at the moment = now 此时此刻

at that (very) moment 就在那时

from that moment on 从那时开始

(at) any moment = very soon 很快；随时

for the moment 目前；暂时

在主句she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.中，that was in the window 是定语从句，修饰先行词a dress, that 为关系代词，代先行词在定语从句中作主语，因此that不能被省略。

 

3.       The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 接待她的售货员不喜欢她的着装方式。

本句为包含两个定语从句的主从复合句。who served her 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the assistant, 关系代词who 指代the assistant 在从句中作主语，不能省略；

she was dressed为定语从句，作the way的定语；the way (方式) 为先行词时，修饰它的定语从句常由in which 或that 引导，此时that 相当于关系副词，并且常常被省略。例如：The students were asked to do everything the way (in which / that) their teacher did.

 

4.       Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她衣服已经卖了。

本句为包含一个现在分词短语和一个宾语从句的复合句。Glancing at her scornfully 为现在分词短语作时间状语，主句的主语he是现在分词短语的逻辑主语；that the dress was sold是宾语从句，作told的宾语。

 

5.       The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. 女士生气地走出商店，决定第二天惩罚一下那个售货员。

decide 后接动词不定式，decide to do something决定做某事

 

6.       She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 第二天上午，她穿着一件裘皮大衣又来到商店，一只手提着手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄雨伞。

dressed adj. [不用于名词前]

(1)    穿着衣服

例如：Hurry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。

         I can’t go to the door. I am not dressed yet. 我不能去开门，我还没穿衣服。

(2) dressed in… 穿着…衣服

例如：The bride was dressed in white. 新娘身穿白色礼服。

      He was casually dressed in jeans and a T-shirt. 他穿着很随便的牛仔裤和T恤衫。

 

with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other为with的复合结构，a handbag 和 a long umbrella 是with 的介词宾语，in one hand 和 in the other 分别作a handbag 和a long umbrella的宾语补足语；the other 指两者中的另一个，常与one 同时使用。

 

With复合结构（属于独立主格结构之一），即: with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。宾语补足语根据逻辑意义可以是不同的词，如：形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。

（1）       with + 宾语 + 介词短语

（2）       with + 宾语 + 现在分词（短语）

（3）       with + 宾语 + 过去分词（短语）

（4）       with + 宾语 + 形容词

（5）       with + 宾语 + 副词

（6）       with + 宾语 + 动词不定时

with 复合结构在句中常作状语，意为：由于…, 随着…；还可作定语，意为：具有…。

 

7.       After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找出那个无礼的售货员后，她要看看同一件衣服。

After seeking out the rude assistant, 在句中作时间状语。

before, after, since 等词可用在现在分词前，以明确时间关系。但此时，这些连词视为介词，-ing动词就是动名词作介词宾语了。

 

8.       Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 这次，由于没有意识到她是谁，因此，那个售货员热情地接待她。

Not realizing who she was 为现在分词的否定结构（在现在分词前加not, never 或without），在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语为主句（the assistant was eager to serve her this time.）的主语the assistant；who she was 是宾语从句，作not realizing 的宾语。

 

9.       With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 他费了很大的劲儿，才爬进橱窗去拿那件衣服。

to get the dress.动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。

difficulty noun

(1) [C, usually pl. U] 困难，难题，难事，困境

例句：He ran into difficulties / difficulty with his study last year. 去年他在学习上遇到了困难。

(2) [U] 艰难，困难，费劲，辛苦

例句：I had great difficulty (in) carrying my suitcase upstairs. 我费了好大的劲儿把手提箱抬上楼。

        I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力表达了自己的意思。

        with great difficulty 吃力；费很大的劲儿 without difficulty 轻而易举地

get verb 去取（或带来）

 

10.   As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. 一看到那件衣服，女士便说她不喜欢。

本句是复合句，包含as soon as 引导的时间状语从句；在主句中，包含she did not like it 宾语从句，作said 的宾语。

 

11.   She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 她开心地让那个售货员把橱窗里几乎每一件衣服都拿来，最后才买下了她一开始便要看的那件。

making the assistant bring almost everything in the window 为现在分词结构作状语，she had first asked for为定语从句，修饰先行词the dress, 关系代词which/that在定语从句中作asked for的宾语，故被省略；making 是使役动词，bring almost everything in the window 是省略了to的动词不定式短语作the assistant 的宾语补足语（在使役动词make, have, let后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to）。

 

三．语法精讲 

 

几种介词的使用：

1.       at 表示地点时，用于小的场所、地方或处所，如：at the bus stop, at the airport

2.       in 表示地点时，用于大的地方，如：国家，地区，世界等，in England, in the US, in European countries, in the world

3.       in 表示穿着，相当于be dressed in 或 wearing, 可后接衣物和颜色，如：in white, in jeans, in a red coat

4.       off 表示离开，离开线和面，如：jump off the wall

5.       with 表示带有，伴随，如：with great efforts, with great difficulty