英语别种句式的感叹句㈡
(2013-10-03 12:56:34)
标签:
英语句法感叹句教育 |
别种句式的感叹句㈡
录自《自学参考系列手册·句法手册》第三章 英语各种功能句
第七节
编者
(前续:别种句式的感叹句 3.关键词语感叹句与倒置状语感叹句)
4. 转换而成的感叹句
只要说话时带有强烈的感情色彩,书写时句末用感叹号,其它种类的句子也可用来表达某种情绪而变为感叹句。为了加强句子的感叹力,前面还可以带用感叹词。
⑴由陈述句转成
①书写时句末用感叹号,读说时用夸张语调,一个完整的陈述句就成了感叹句。
例:She is so
kind!
The house is on fire!
You’ve gone too far!
So you are here at last!
It was
such a nice party!
I wish
I had your brain!
The garden looks so lovely today! 今天花园显得多么可爱呀!
She went out without the doctor’s
permission!
Oh, I
forgot to tell him about it!
②口语中常用省略感叹句,任何表达强烈感情而句法不完整的句子,均可视为感叹句。
例:You
told!
An ice
cube!
Even
worse!
⑵由祈使句转成
用祈使句表示感叹,把祈使句说成感叹的语气,可以用来表示鼓励、惊讶、警告、禁止、命令等多种语意,书写时句末用感叹号,并可以在动词前使用do、never来加强语气。
①普通祈使感叹句
例:Go it!
Keep
at it!
Mind
your head!
Bless my soul!
Workers of all countries, unite!
Don’t
cut your fingers off!
Don’t
go out without the doctor’s permission!
②强调祈使感叹句
例:Do
hurry!
Do
stop that noise!
Do stay with us!
Never!
Never
happen!
Never
give up!
⑶由疑问句转成——把一般疑问句说成夸张的声调,可以表示感叹的语义,在书写时句末使用感叹号。
①英语中常将否定疑问句用作感叹句【读用降调】,但它表达的意义是肯定的。
例:Isn’t it
cold!
Isn’t it hot in here! 这里好热呀!
Isn’t it a lovely view! 多美的景色呀!
Isn’t she a sweet girl!
她多么可爱呀!
Hasn’t she grown!
Isn’t
the weather nice!
Isn’t the baby lovely!
Isn’t
she a dear!
Aren’t
they cruel!
Aren’t they sweet!
Aren’t
you working hard!
Didn’t
he do well!
Didn’t
she sing well!
Don’t
the roses smell sweet!
Hasn’t she got lovely eyes!
Don’t the roses smell sweet!
Oh, wouldn’t it be fun!
Oh, he’s here now, is he?
②在美国英语中将肯定疑问句用作感叹句则比较常见【读用夸张声调】。
例:Is she mad!
Am I
mad!
Was I
furious!
Boy,
am I hungry!
Can she type!
Did he annoy me!
Did
she look annoyed!
Wow,
did she make a mistake!
Have
you got a surprise coming!
③有的时候,特殊疑问句也可用作感叹句。
例:What a fool am I!
What a peaceful place is Skegness! 斯凯格内斯是个多么宁静的地方!
Who would have thought of such a
thing!
Who
else will read such a book!
How can you be so silly! 你怎么这么傻!
How beautiful are the flowers! 这些花儿有多美!
How many years have I waited for!我等了多少年呀!
Well,
well, well! How can that be!
How strange and impressive was life!人生是多么奇妙动人啊!
How carefully did they search the
room!
How precise and thorough are her observations!她的观察是多么准确和透彻啊!
⑷感叹句能作陈述应答——转换感叹句有时可用作对方所说陈述句的应答语。
例:—You are a little crazy.
—Not in the
least!
一He has been
very successful
一Yes, hasn’t
he!
5. 含so和such及as if的感叹句
⑴加强感叹气氛的so与such
有时候,陈述句、疑问句转化为感叹句,句中常加so修饰形容词,加such修饰名词,以突出感叹的气氛。
①so+形容词!
例:You’re so
kind!
It’s
so expensive!
That’s
so lovely!
How can you be so silly!
②such a/an (+形容词)+单数可数名词!
例:He’s such a nice boy!
She is
such a cute little
girl!
It’s
such a lovely little box!
Such
an intelligent girl!
③such (+形容词)+不可数名词/复数名词
例:They talk
such rubbish!
They’re such kind people!
⑵as if引出感叹句——用as if (好像…似的)表示感叹时,带有不屑一顾、讥笑或否定等的语意。
例:As if I would allow it!! 像我会答应似的!
As if it
were my fault!
As if he owned the place!
As if I was a millionaire!好像我是一个百万富翁似的!
As if he would be the second Bill Gates! 好像他要成为第二个比尔·盖茨似的!
6. 别将感叹词当作感叹句
⑴酷似省略感叹句的感叹词
英语中,感叹词或感叹词组较多,但不是感叹句。其中有些词组,从结构上看好像是个句子,但却不表达句意,而是起着感叹词的作用,习惯上也将其视为感叹词。
①常见的单个感叹词。
例:Hello!
喂!
Alas!
哎呀!
Hurrah!
万岁!
②常见词组式感叹词——感叹词组。
例:Oh,
dear!
哎呀!
Oh, lord!
天啊!
Good
heavens!
天哪!
Well, well, well!
哎呀呀!
My
goodness!
嗳呀!
⑵感叹词常与感叹句结合使用
单纯表示感情的感叹词可与其他语句成分结合构成感叹句——感叹词作为独立成分位于句首,但需要把感叹词和它后面的句子联系起来理解。感叹词后面可标感叹号;也可以用逗号,其后的句子用小写字母开头;句末通常都用感叹号。
例:Hark, listen! 喂,听着!
Ah,
listen to me!
Hum,
you’re lying!
Good Lord! Tell me what it is! 老天爷!告诉我这是什么!
Ah! I have never heard of
such things before!
There! There! Never mind;
you’ll soon feel better.
由上可见,有时一个感叹词或感叹词组,与省略的感叹句或祈使句,表面上看似乎没有什么区别,但若根据语言环境或语意环境来判断,是可以区别开来的:如果它表达的只是一种惊叹而无其它语意,即使它看似一个句子,也只是一个感叹词组;如果它能扩展成一个完整的句子,或者它所表达的有一定感叹句意,那它就是省略感叹句;如果它表达出有祈使别人的语意,那它就不是感叹词而是省略的祈使句了。
不过,我们下意识地掌握这些知识,只是为了开扩我们的眼界,为了增长我们的语言运用能力;只要我们能够充分理解文中原意的表述,那就用不着硬要去给某个在语法上有歧义的词语下个定义了。
(感叹句未完待续)

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