英语句中成分形式宾语
(2013-05-20 19:05:01)
标签:
英语句子成分形式宾语教育 |
英语句子成分形式宾语
编者
川竹
樑翁
——取录自《英语自学参考系列手册·句法手册》第二章 英语句子的成分 第四节 复合宾语及形式宾语
1. 形式宾语it
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式短语、动名词短语或宾语从句时,宾语就显得较长,为了保持句子的平衡,常用形式宾语(formal object) it放在宾语的位置上予以代替,而把真正宾语移到宾语补足语之后。
2. 带形式宾语it句的基本句式:
主语+复宾动词【谓语】+it【形式宾语】+宾语补足语+宾语【不定式/动名词/宾从】
S+c.o-v.【predicate】+it【formal object】+OC + O【infinitive/ gerund/ object clause】
【S= subject;c.o-v.= complex object verb;OC=objective complement;O= object】
3. 形式宾语it的使用
⑴能用it为形式宾语的复宾动词
这种能带形式宾语的复宾动词多是表“认为、感觉,、使…”之类的及物动词,如:
1). consider
觉得
4). find
感到,
发现
7). take
以为,
对待
例:Do you consider it any good sending more people over? 你觉得再多派一些人去会有好处吗?
I deem it my duty to help the poor.
He feels
it his duty to help others.
She found it difficult to answer the question. 他感到这个问题很难回答。
We judged it better not to make a hasty decision. 我们认为最好不要匆忙作出决定。
We have made it clear that agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.
农业是国民经济的基础, 这我们已经说清楚了。
He took it upon himself to reform religion. 他以改革宗教为己任。
I think it no use telling them. 我认为告诉他们没有用。
We think it important that we should keep the balance of nature. 我们认为保持生态平衡很重要。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
⑵形式宾语it在句中的平衡简洁作用
如果复宾动词的宾语过长,就会使句子显得头重尾轻而失去平衡,并且破碎难读。只有用it作形式宾语才能变得正常易懂。请比较下面各例的变化就好明白如此道理。
例:①They deemed arguing about it sheer waste of time.【按“宾语+宾补”排列之句】
They deemed that arguing about it is sheer waste of time.【变为宾语从句】
→They deemed it sheer waste of time arguing about it.【用了形式宾语it的正常句】
他们觉得争论这件事纯粹是浪费时间。
②I felt to report it to the leadership my duty.
I felt that to report it to the leadership is my duty.
→I felt it my duty to report it to the leadership.
我觉得有责任把这事向领导汇报。
③That all these noises made me to go on with the work is impossible. 【含主语从句】
→All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.
④We all think that she didn't show up at the meeting is a pity. 【宾从中含主从, 复杂】
→We all think it a pity that she didn't show up at the meeting.
⑤They found that no one would take the money is strange .
→They found it strange that no one would take the money.
他们感到很奇怪怎么谁也不要这笔钱。