*比较instrument, appliance, equipment, apparatus, facility, infrastructure, amenities
*instrument:
1,a tool or device used for a particular task, especially for delicate or scientific work器械;仪器;器具
surgical/ optical/ precision, etc. instruments外科器械;光学、精密等仪器
instruments for cleaning and polishing teeth... 清洗和抛光牙齿的器械
all-purpose instrument万能仪器
2,乐器(=musical instrument)
Is he learning an instrument? 他在学习演奏乐器吗?
brass/ stringed, etc. instruments铜管乐器、弦乐器等
[归纳:instrument主要是这么两个用法,一个是用于比较精密,科学方面的仪器,另外是我们在很早就学过的乐器。另外在补充它的一个派生词instrumental: ~ (in something/in doing something)important in making something happen起重要作用
He was instrumental in bringing about an end to the conflict. 他在终止冲突的过程中起了重要作用。]
*其他来源讲解:instrument通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器,尤指电工仪表、测量装置,航海或航空用的控制装置。
Thanks for the accurate instrument, which helps the sailors to avoid the submerged
reef.(多亏了这个精密仪器才使得水手们避开了暗礁。)
*appliance:
a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home, such as preparing food, heating or cleaning(家用)电器,器具
electrical/ household appliances电器;家用器具
They sell a wide range of domestic appliances—washing machines, dishwashers and so on.他们出售各种家用电器 —— 洗衣机、洗碗机等等。
[归纳:appliance这个词比较专用一些,就是指家用电器]
*equipment:
1.the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity设备;器材
a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen一件有用的厨房设备
office equipment 办公室设备
new equipment for the sports club 体育俱乐部的新器材
2the process of providing a place or person with necessary things配备;装备The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 这个摄影室的装备花费巨大。
【归纳:equipment多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。通常用作不可数名词。
We must fit the expedition out with the best equipment. (我们必须向探险队提供最好的装备。)
*apparatus: the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task仪器;器械;装置
a piece of laboratory apparatus 一件实验室仪器
Firefighters needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house. 消防队员需要呼吸器以便进入燃烧的大楼。
【归纳:既可指某种具体的由许多不同零件构成的复杂的仪器、装置或器械,又可指它们的总称。
The astronauts have special breathing apparatus. (宇航员有特殊的呼吸装置。)
*facility:
1.buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose设施;设备
sports/ leisure facilities体育╱消闲设施
conference facilities 会议设施
shopping/ banking/ cooking facilities商店╱银行设施;炊事设备
The hotel has special facilities for welcoming disabled people. 这家旅馆有专供残疾人使用的设施。
All rooms have private facilities(= a private bathroom).每一个房间都有单独的浴室。
2.a natural ability to learn or do something easily(学习、做事的)天资,才能,天赋
She has a facility for languages. 她有语言天赋。
(在表达此意时注意与faculty区别,facility更强调是一种天赋,而faculty强调的是在某方面的能力。如:the faculty of understanding complex issues 理解复杂问题的能力)
*infrastructure:the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies(国家或机构的)基础设施,基础建设
The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transportation, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function. (国家、社会、组织赖以行使职能的) 基础设施
例:improvements in the country's infrastructure国家基础设施的改善。
▷infrastructural /ˌinfrə'strʌktʃərəl/adj.[usually before noun]
infrastructural development 基础建设的发展
*amenity:a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in生活福利设施;便利设施
The campsite is close to all local amenities. 营地紧靠当地所有的便利设施。
Many of the houses lacked even basic amenities(= for example, baths, showers, hot water).很多房屋甚至缺少基本的生活设施(如浴缸、淋浴器、热水)。
Amenities are things such as shopping centres or sports facilities that are provided for people's convenience, enjoyment, or comfort. 便利设施
例:The hotel amenities include health clubs, conference facilities, and banqueting rooms.这家旅馆的设施包括健身俱乐部、会议设备和宴会厅。
*implement:a tool or an instrument, often six that is quite simple and that is used outdoors工具;器具;(常指)简单的户外用具
agricultural implements 农具
【归纳:原指史前人类所用的工具,现在多指农用工具,也可指为实现某个任务所需的工具或器具。
The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
writing implements书写用具
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