•       1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

(1) Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.______

(2) Culture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture._____

(3) Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization), it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.______

(4) In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. ___

(5) Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. _______

(6) All people of the same nationality will have the same culture._____

(7) Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. _____

(8) One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.______

(9) Whether a communication is successful or not depends greatly on whether they have similar cultural backgrounds, knowledge and experience._____

(10) Each one encodes and sends messages and in turn receives and decodes messages.______

（11）Since all cultures share the same basic values, cultures attach the same meanings to these basic values._____

（12）The values and behaviors of a particular culture may not be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture._____

（13）Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures._____

（14）At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable._____

（15）The culture emphasizing on individualism is a selfish culture._____

(16) In high-context culture, most of the information is coded in the verbal language, such as in USA and German.____

(17) Masculinity implies aggressiveness and assertiveness while femininity stresses caring and modesty._____

(18) USA, Australia, UK and Canada are highly individualistic societies._____

(19) Compared with Japan, China is a more masculine country._____

(20) On the long-term side, one finds values oriented towards the future, like thrifty and persistence.______ 

•               2.  Match the terms about value with their implications :

 (1). high-context culture                             group

 (2). low-context culture                              hierarchy

(3). Power distance                                 rules

 (4). Uncertainty avoidance                           verbal information

 (5). Masculinity                                    caring

 (6)Femininity                                      aggressiveness

(7). Individualism                                  Nonverbal language

(8). Collectivism                                      I

3. Translation exercises

(1). To praise to the skies

(2). To fish in troubled waters

(3). Six of one and half a dozen of the other

(4).One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

(5). She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes.

•               4 Case study

    A. Why did the Chinese man refuse to meet the lawyer?

    B. What should the Chinese do to help him out when he began to suffer loss?

     A major Canadian industrialist signed a property deal with a Chinese businessman in the Philippines, with whom he had hitherto enjoyed a long and mutually profitable association. At first, everything went smoothly and both sides made efforts to turn the project into a promising deal. Three months later, the Chinese began suffering losses in his core business, and he began covering them by withdrawing funds from the property investment. The Canadian at first paid no attention to it and they still cooperated well. However, the Chinese businessman continuously withdrew funds from the project which brought risk to its operation.

   After a few months, the Canadian had some doubts and decided to send his legal advisor on a fact-finding mission since he was tied up with other work. The legal advisor had worked for him for a long time and solved many problems for the company.  Before the adviser left for Philippines, the Canadian did not call his Chinese partner and told him that his legal advisor would come to see him. The Chinese was surprised to receive a phone call from the airport, “I am Mr. X, legal advisor. He has asked me to find a solution to his problems”

   Since he hadn't heard of the lawyer before, he had to confirm all the matters with Canadian. Even he got the confirmation, he was still reluctant to talk with the lawyer. The Chinese was proud of his status as an independent and successful entrepreneur. He was used to dialing only with persons of the same status, and was not prepared to negotiate on equal terms with a “servant.”  To make things worse, when the lawyer pushed him on the negotiation, he responded by delaying, and finally refusing to meet him. After spending three days kicking his heels in a hotel,the lawyer returned to Toronto. The Canadian industrialist wrote the letter to put an end to this property deal as soon as the lawyer came back.