Subchapter II. Powers

第2分章 权利

§121.            General powers.

第121节         整体权利

(a)         In addition to the powers enumerated in §122 of this title, every corporation, its officers, directors and stockholders shall possess and may exercise all the powers and privileges granted by this chapter or by any other law or by its certificate of incorporation, together with any powers incidental thereto, so far as such powers and privileges are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business or purposes set forth in its certificate of incorporation.

除了本篇第122节所列各项权利之外，每一家公司、其高级职员、董事和股东应当享有并可以实施本章所授予的、或者任何其他法律或其公司注册证明中所授予的所有权利和特权、及其附带的任何权利，只要该等权利和特权对于实施、推广或获取公司注册证明中所列公司业务或目标是必要的或方便的。

(b)         Every corporation shall be governed by the provisions and be subject to the restrictions and liabilities contained in this chapter.

每家公司均受本章所含各项规定管辖，并遵守本章所列各项限制和责任。

8 Del. C. 1953, §121; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第121节; 特拉华州法律第56卷第50章.

§122.            Specific powers.

第122节         具体权利

Every corporation created under this chapter shall have power to:

在本章规定项下所产生的每家公司都应当有权：

(1)    Have perpetual succession by its corporate name, unless a limited period of duration is stated in its certificate of incorporation;

永久继承其公司名称，除非其公司注册证明中规定了有限的持续期；

(2)    Sue and be sued in all courts and participate, as a party or otherwise, in any judicial, administrative, arbitrative or other proceeding, in its corporate name;

以其公司的名义向所有法庭提起诉讼或被起诉至任何法庭，并作为当事方或以其他方式，参与任何司法、行政、仲裁或其他法律程序；

(3)    Have a corporate seal, which may be altered at pleasure, and use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof, to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced;

持有公司印章，根据自己的意愿对其进行改动，并使用该印章，或者加盖印章的传真件，或者使用其他的复制方式；

(4)    Purchase, receive, take by grant, gift, devise, bequest or otherwise, lease, or otherwise acquire, own, hold, improve, employ, use and otherwise deal in and with real or personal property, or any interest therein, wherever situated, and to sell, convey, lease, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of, or mortgage or pledge, all or any of its property and assets, or any interest therein, wherever situated;

购买、接受、通过赠与获得、赠与、不动产遗赠、动产遗赠或其他方式、租赁、或以其他方式获得、拥有、持有、改善、利用、使用并以其他方式进行动产或不动产、或其所含任何利益的交易，不管在何位置；并且销售、转移、租赁、交换、转让或以其他方式处置其任何或所有财产或资产、或其中所含利益，或就其所有财产或资产或其中所含利益进行抵押或质押，不管在何位置；

(5)    Appoint such officers and agents as the business of the corporation requires and to pay or otherwise provide for them suitable compensation;

依照公司经营需要任命高级职员和代理人，向其支付或以其他方式提供适当的报酬；

(6)    Adopt, amend and repeal bylaws;

通过、修改和撤销内部章程；

(7)    Wind up and dissolve itself in the manner provided in this chapter;

按照其章程中规定的方式进行停业清理和解散；

(8)    Conduct its business, carry on its operations and have offices and exercise its powers within or without this State;

在本州内或之外进行业务经营，设立办公地并行使其各项权利；

(9)    Make donations for the public welfare or for charitable, scientific or educational purposes, and in time of war or other national emergency in aid thereof;

为了公共福利、为了慈善、科学或教育目的、并且在战争或其他国家紧急情况下进行捐赠以便提供援助；

(10)  Be an incorporator, promoter or manager of other corporations of any type or kind;

作为任何类型或种类的其他公司的创办人、推广人或管理人；

(11)  Participate with others in any corporation, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture or other association of any kind, or in any transaction, undertaking or arrangement which the participating corporation would have power to conduct by itself, whether or not such participation involves sharing or delegation of control with or to others;

与他人一起参与任何公司、合伙、有限合伙、合营或任何种类的协会；参与任何交易、项目或安排，并且该参与公司有权为自己之目的行事，不管此类参与是否涉及与他人分享或者委托他人进行管理；

(12)  Transact any lawful business which the corporation's board of directors shall find to be in aid of governmental authority;

实施公司董事会认为有助于政府机构的任何合法业务；

(13)  Make contracts, including contracts of guaranty and suretyship, incur liabilities, borrow money at such rates of interest as the corporation may determine, issue its notes, bonds and other obligations, and secure any of its obligations by mortgage, pledge or other encumbrance of all or any of its property, franchises and income, and make contracts of guaranty and suretyship which are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business of (a) a corporation all of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the contracting corporation, or (b) a corporation which owns, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding stock of the contracting corporation, or (c ) a corporation all of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a corporation which owns, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding stock of the contracting corporation, which contracts of guaranty and suretyship shall be deemed to be necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business of the contracting corporation, and make other contracts of guaranty and suretyship which are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business of the contracting corporation;

缔结合同（包括保证合同和保证合同关系合同）；承担责任；按照公司确定的利率借款；发行票据、债券和其他债务；就其任何或所有财产、特许权和收入设定抵押、质押或其他财产负担，以此为其任何义务提供保证；对于（a）缔约公司直接或间接拥有其全部流通股票的公司；或（b）直接或间接拥有缔约公司所有流通股票的公司；或（c）直接或间接拥有缔约公司所有流通股票之公司直接或间接拥有其全部流通股票的公司来讲，为了便于实施、推广或取得此等公司的公司业务而签订、或者签订实施、推广或取得此等公司业务所必须的保证合同或保证合同关系合同，而此等保证合同或保证合同关系合同被视为系实施、推广或取得缔约公司的公司业务而必要的，或者能够便于实施、推广或取得此等公司业务的；为了便于实施、推广或取得缔约公司的公司业务而签订、或者签订实施、推广或取得此等公司业务所必需的其他保证合同和保证合同关系合同；

(14)  Lend money for its corporate purposes, invest and reinvest its funds, and take, hold and deal with real and personal property as security for the payment of funds so loaned or invested;

为了公司的目的借款，用其基金进行投资和再投资，并为了就其支付上述贷款或投资基金进行担保之目的，取得、持有动产和不动产，并进行相关交易；

(15)  Pay pensions and establish and carry out pension, profit sharing, stock option, stock purchase, stock bonus, retirement, benefit, incentive and compensation plans, trusts and provisions for any or all of its directors, officers and employees, and for any or all of the directors, officers and employees of its subsidiaries;

为其任何或所有的董事、高级职员和雇员，及其子公司的任何或所有的董事、高级职员和雇员支付养老金，设立并执行养老金、股份分享、股票期权、股票认购、股票红利、退休金、福利、奖励和赔偿计划，信托和各项规定；

(16)  Provide insurance for its benefit on the life of any of its directors, officers or employees, or on the life of any stockholder for the purpose of acquiring at such stockholder's death shares of its stock owned by such stockholder.

为了公司的利益为其任何董事、高级职员或雇员购买人寿保险、或者为了在其股东死后取得该等股东所拥有之股票的目的，为了任何该等股东购买人寿保险。

(17)  Renounce, in its certificate of incorporation or by action of its board of directors, any interest or expectancy of the corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, specified business opportunities or specified classes or categories of business opportunities that are presented to the corporation or 1 or more of its officers, directors or stockholders.

在公司遇到、或者其一名或多名高级职员、董事或股东遇到特定的业务机遇或者特定类别或种类的经营机遇的时候、或者在对方提供了参与此等业务的机遇的时候，在其公司注册证明中、或者通过其董事会行动宣布放弃公司在此等机遇中的任何利益或预期。

8 Del. C. 1953, §122; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50; 57 Del. Laws, c . 148, §3; 64 Del. Laws, c . 112, §3; 65 Del. Laws, c . 127, §2; 71 Del. Laws, c . 339, §7; 72 Del. Laws, c . 343, §3.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第122节；特拉华州法律第56卷第50章; 特拉华州法律第57卷第148章第3节; 特拉华州法律第64卷第112章第3节; 特拉华州法律第65卷第127章第2节; 特拉华州法律第71卷第339章第7节; 特拉华州法律第72卷第343章第3节.

§123.            Powers respecting securities of other corporations or entities.

第123节         有关其他公司或实体之证券的权利

Any corporation organized under the laws of this State may guarantee, purchase, take, receive, subscribe for or otherwise acquire; own, hold, use or otherwise employ; sell, lease, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of; mortgage, lend, pledge or otherwise deal in and with, bonds and other obligations of, or shares or other securities or interests in, or issued by, any other domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, association or individual, or by any government or agency or instrumentality thereof. A corporation while owner of any such securities may exercise all the rights, powers and privileges of ownership, including the right to vote.

根据本州法律组建的任何公司可以购买、取得、接收、认购或以其他方式取得任何州内、或外来公司、合伙、协会或个人、任何政府、政府机构或政府部门的、或者由其发行的债券和其他债务、股份或其他证券或其各项利益，可为其提供保证，拥有、持有、使用或以其他方式加以利用，销售、租赁、兑换、转让或以其他方式处置；进行抵押、出借、质押或以其他方式进行交易。持有任何该等证券的公司可以行使有关所有权的所有权利、权力和特权，包括投票权。

8 Del. C. 1953, §123; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第123节; 特拉华州法律第56卷第50章.

§124.            Effect of lack of corporate capacity or power; ultra vires.

第124节         公司缺乏能力或权力的后果；越权原则

No act of a corporation and no conveyance or transfer of real or personal property to or by a corporation shall be invalid by reason of the fact that the corporation was without capacity or power to do such act or to make or receive such conveyance or transfer, but such lack of capacity or power may be asserted:

任何公司行为以及公司转让、让与或者接受转让、让与动产或不动产等行为均不得因为该公司不具备实施上述公司行为以及转让、让与或者接受转让、让与动产与不动产之能力或权力的原因而无效，但是，上述缺乏能力或权力的情况可以提交至：

(1)    In a proceeding by a stockholder against the corporation to enjoin the doing of any act or acts or the transfer of real or personal property by or to the corporation. If the unauthorized acts or transfer sought to be enjoined are being, or are to be, performed or made pursuant to any contract to which the corporation is a party, the court may, if all of the parties to the contract are parties to the proceeding and if it deems the same to be equitable, set aside and enjoin the performance of such contract, and in so doing may allow to the corporation or to the other parties to the contract, as the case may be, such compensation as may be equitable for the loss or damage sustained by any of them which may result from the action of the court in setting aside and enjoining the performance of such contract, but anticipated profits to be derived from the performance of the contract shall not be awarded by the court as a loss or damage sustained;

股东为了禁止公司实施任何行动、转让或接受转让动产或不动产之目的而针对该公司提起的法律程序。如果根据公司作为当事方的任何合同，要求予以禁止的未经授权的行为、或动产或不动产的转让或接受转让正在进行或将要进行，那么在合同所有各当事方均为该法律程序的当事方，并且法庭认为此等公司行为、动产或不动产的转让或接收转让在衡平法上有效的情况下，法庭可以宣布其无效，并禁止履行合同。与此同时，对于公司或合同其他当事方因为上述法庭宣布无效和禁止履行合同的决定而遭受的、在衡平法上有效的损失或损害，法庭可以允许其获得补偿。但是，法庭不会将因为履行合同而预期获得的利润判定为上述损失或损害；

(2)    In a proceeding by the corporation, whether acting directly or through a receiver, trustee or other legal representative, or through stockholders in a representative suit, against an incumbent or former officer or director of the corporation, for loss or damage due to such incumbent or former officer's or director's unauthorized act;

公司就某公职人员、公司的前高级职员或董事所实施的非授权行为而导致的损失或损害，而直接、或通过接收人、受托人或其他法律代表、或者通过公司股东在代表诉讼中向此等公职人员、前高级职员或董事提起的法律程序；

(3)    In a proceeding by the Attorney General to dissolve the corporation, or to enjoin the corporation from the transaction of unauthorized business.

总检察长为了解散公司、或者为了禁止公司涉及未授权交易而提起的法律程序。

8 Del. C. 1953, §124; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50; 71 Del. Laws, c . 339, §8.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第124章; 特拉华州法律第56卷第50章; 特拉华州法律第71卷第339章第8节.;

§125.            Conferring academic or honorary degrees.

第125节         授予学术或荣誉学位

No corporation organized after April 18, 1945, shall have power to confer academic or honorary degrees unless the certificate of incorporation or an amendment thereof shall so provide and unless the certificate of incorporation or an amendment thereof prior to its being filed in the office of the Secretary of State shall have endorsed thereon the approval of the Department of Education of this State. No corporation organized before April 18, 1945, any provision in its certificate of incorporation to the contrary notwithstanding, shall possess the power aforesaid without first filing in the office of the Secretary of State a certificate of amendment so providing, the filing of which certificate of amendment in the office of the Secretary of State shall be subject to prior approval of the Department of Education, evidenced as hereinabove provided. Approval shall be granted only when it appears to the reasonable satisfaction of the Department of Education that the corporation is engaged in conducting a bona fide institution of higher learning, giving instructions in arts and letters, science or the professions, or that the corporation proposes, in good faith, to engage in that field and has or will have the resources, including personnel, requisite for the conduct of an institution of higher learning. Upon dissolution, all such corporations shall comply with §8530 of Title 14. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, no corporation shall have the power to conduct a private business or trade school unless the certificate of incorporation or an amendment thereof, prior to its being filed in the office of the Secretary of State, shall have endorsed thereon the approval of the Department of Education pursuant to Chapter 85 of Title 14.

1945年4月18日之后组建的任何公司无权授予学术学位或荣誉学位，除非其公司注册证明或其修订内容中另有规定，并且在其提交至州务卿办公室备案之前，已经背书了州教育处的审批。在1945年4月18日之前组建的公司，尽管其公司注册证明中含有任何相反的规定，未经向州务卿办公室提交备案公司注册证明的修订证明、并准许公司授予学位之权利的，均无权授予学位。而向州务卿办公司提交上述修订证明需要获得教育处的事先批准，并根据上文规定以之为证。只有当公司善意经营高等教育机构、在艺术和文字、科学或职业方面提供指导，公司的目的是在善意基础上涉及该领域、并具备或将会具备经营高等教育机构所必备的、包括人员在内的各种资源，并达到教育处合理满意的情况下，教育处方能够给予上述批准。所有该等公司在解散时，都应当遵守第14篇第8530条的规定。尽管本法中包含任何相反规定，除非公司注册证明或其修订版本在提交至州务卿办公室备案之前已经背书了教育处根据第14篇第85章之规定做出批准，否则任何公司不得经营私立学校或相关业务。

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, any corporation conducting a law school, which has its principal place of operation in Delaware, and which intends to meet the standards of approval of the American Bar Association, may, after it has been in actual operation for not less than 1 year, retain at its own expense a dean or dean emeritus of a law school fully approved by the American Bar Association to make an on-site inspection and report concerning the progress of the corporation toward meeting the standards for approval by the American Bar Association. Such dean or dean emeritus shall be chosen by the Attorney General from a panel of 3 deans whose names are presented to the Attorney General as being willing to serve. One such dean on this panel shall be nominated by the trustees of said law school corporation; another dean shall be nominated by a committee of the Student Bar Association of said law school; and the other dean shall be nominated by a committee of lawyers who are parents of students attending such law school. If any of the above-named groups cannot find a dean, it may substitute 2 full professors of accredited law schools for the dean it is entitled to nominate, and in such a case if the Attorney General chooses 1 of such professors, such professor shall serve the function of a dean as herein prescribed. If the dean so retained shall report in writing that, in such dean's professional judgment, the corporation is attempting, in good faith, to comply with the standards for approval of the American Bar Association and is making reasonable progress toward meeting such standards, the corporation may file a copy of the report with the Secretary of Education and with the Attorney General. Any corporation which complies with these provisions by filing such report shall be deemed to have temporary approval from the State and shall be entitled to amend its certificate of incorporation to authorize the granting of standard academic law degrees. Thereafter, until the law school operated by the corporation is approved by the American Bar Association, the corporation shall file once during each academic year a new report, in the same manner as the first report. If, at any time, the corporation fails to file such a report, or if the dean retained to render such report states that, in such dean's opinion, the corporation is not continuing to make reasonable progress toward accreditation, the Attorney General, at the request of the Secretary of Education, may file a complaint in the Court of Chancery to suspend said temporary approval and degree-granting power until a further report is filed by a dean or dean emeritus of an accredited law school that the school has resumed its progress towards meeting the standards for approval. Upon approval of the law school by the American Bar Association, temporary approval shall become final, and shall no longer be subject to suspension or vacation under this section.

尽管有上述规定，如果一家公司经营法学院、其主要经营地位于特拉华州、并希望能达到获得美国律师协会批准的标准，则可以在实际开始经营的一年之后，自费聘请一名获得美国律师协会充分审批的法学院院长或退休院长对该学校进行现场审核，并针对公司为了达到获得美国律师协会批准的标准所采取的步骤提交报告。上述院长或退休院长，由总检察长在其收到的、愿意担任此项工作的三名院长名单中指定。此三名院长中，一人由该法学院公司受托人提名，一名由该法学院学生律师协会委员会提名，另一名由该法学院从事律师职务的学生家长所组成的委员会提名。如果上述任何一组未能按要求提名院长，则可以提供公认的法学院的两名正教授来替代其提名的院长。在此情况下，如果检察长在这两名教授中选定一人，则被选定之人应当履行此处规定的院长的职能。如果依照上述规定指定的院长提交出面报告，说明以其专业判断，该公司正在做出善意努力，以达到美国律师协会的批准标准，并且已经为此采取了合理的步骤，在此情况下，该公司可以将该报告副本提交给教育秘书和总检察长备案。通过提交备案该等报告并符合上述规定的任何公司应被视为临时性取得了本州的批准，应当有权对其公司注册证明进行修改，以授权颁发标准的法律学位。此后，在该公司经营的法学院获得美国律师协会批准之前，公司应当按照与第一份报告同样的方式、每个学年度提交备案一份新的报告。如果公司在任何时候未能提交备案上述报告，或者所聘用的院长提交报告，称根据其自己的意见，该公司未能持续采取合理步骤以便通过水准鉴定，那么检察长可以根据教育秘书的要求，向衡平法院提交一份诉状，暂停对该校学位授予权力的临时审批，直至公认法学院的院长或退休院长提交其他报告，说明该校为了达到审批标准已经重新采取相关步骤。在美国律师协会对法学院进行审批之后，上述临时批准应成为最终的，不再根据本节规定予以暂停或撤销。

8 Del. C. 1953, §125; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50; 59 Del. Laws, c . 207, §1; 59 Del. Laws, c . 377, §1; 65 Del. Laws, c . 103, §2; 71 Del. Laws, c . 339, §9; 72 Del. Laws, c . 433, §1; 73 Del. Laws, c . 65, §7; 74 Del. Laws, c . 249, §1.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第125章; 特拉华州法律第56卷第50章; 59 Del. Laws, c . 特拉华州法律第59卷第207章第1节;特拉华州法律第59卷第377章第1节; 特拉华州法律第65卷第103章第2节; 特拉华州法律第71卷第339章第9节; 特拉华州法律第72卷第433章第1节; 特拉华州法律第73卷第65章第7节; 特拉华州法律第74卷第249章第1节.;

§126.            Banking power denied.

第126节         不享有银行权利

(a)         No corporation organized under this chapter shall possess the power of issuing bills, notes, or other evidences of debt for circulation as money, or the power of carrying on the business of receiving deposits of money.

根据本章规定组建的任何公司无权发行票据、钞票或其他类似货币的用于流通的债务证据；无权经营吸收存款的业务。

(b)         Corporations organized under this chapter to buy, sell and otherwise deal in notes, open accounts and other similar evidences of debt, or to loan money and to take notes, open accounts and other similar evidences of debt as collateral security therefor, shall not be deemed to be engaging in the business of banking.

根据本章规定组建的公司，购买、销售或以其他方式从事票据、往来账户或其他类似债务证据交易的，借款、收取票据、往来账户和其他类似的债务证据作为其附加担保等活动，不得被视为从事银行业务。

8 Del. C. 1953, §126; 56 Del. Laws, c . 50; 57 Del. Laws, c . 148, §4.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第126节; 特拉华州法律第56卷第50章; 特拉华州法律第57卷第148章第4节.;

§127.            Private foundation; powers and duties.

第127节         私人基金会；权利和职责

A corporation of this State which is a private foundation under the United States internal revenue laws and whose certificate of incorporation does not expressly provide that this section shall not apply to it is required to act or to refrain from acting so as not to subject itself to the taxes imposed by 26 U.S.C. §4941 (relating to taxes on self- dealing), §4942 (relating to taxes on failure to distribute income), §4943 (relating to taxes on excess business holdings), §4944 (relating to taxes on investments which jeopardize charitable purpose), or §4945 (relating to taxable expenditures), or corresponding provisions of any subsequent United States internal revenue law.

本州公司，如果是根据美国国内税收法律设立的私人基金会，而且其公司注册证明中并未明确规定本节规定对其不适用，则该公司需要采取、或不得采取相关行动，以避免其承担美国法典第26编第4941节（有关自我交易的税款）、4942节（有关未能分配所得的税款）、4943节（有关多余商业股份的税款）、4944节（有关危害慈善目的的投资税款）、4945节（有关应纳税支出的），或者任何后续美国国内税收法律的相关规定项下的纳税义务。

8 Del. C. 1953, §127; 58 Del. Laws, c . 87.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第127章; 特拉华州法律第58卷第87章.;

 

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