现 在 完 成 时 复 习

                                主 备 人：谭 闻

一 现在完成时结构：

主语+have/has+done+其它

二 以visit为例，将现在完成时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及肯否回答展示如下：

肯定句

I/You have visited the museum.

   He/She/It has visited the museum.

   We/You/They have visited the museum.

否定句

I/You have not visited the museum.

   He/She/It has not visited the museum.

   We/You/They have not visited the museum.

一般疑问句

Have I/You visited the museum?

Has he/she/it visited the museum?

Have we/you/they visited the museum?

肯答 Yes, you/I have.          否答   No, you/I haven’t.

       Yes, he/she/it has.              No, he/she/it hasn’t.

       Yes, you/we/they have.           No, you/we/they haven’t.

三 现在完成时用法：

1强调过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，如：

I have already posted the photos.

The students have already cleaned the classroom.

2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，该用法中谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常与表示从过去某一时刻开始延续至今的时间状语连用，如

I have taught English for ten years.

Jack has worked in the hospital since 1990.

四 现在完成时标志词：already（已经）, never(从不，绝不), ever(曾经), just(刚刚), before(以前), yet(尚，还), so far(到目前为止), recently(最近), these days(这些天以来), for+时间段, since+时间点

另注1：现在完成时中，since+过去时间点=for+时间段

另注2：肯定句中的already变否定句和疑问句时应变为yet

I have already finished my homework.

I have not finished my homework yet.

Have you finished your homework yet?

五 辨别：

1. have/has been to swh 去过某处（现已不在那儿）如：I have been to Shanghai before.

2. have/has gone to swh 去了某处（在去某处的路上，或已到某处，反正不在本地）如：

My father has gone to Sydney.

3. have/has been in swh 一直在某处  如：

Mr Green has been in China for ten years.

六 延续性动词与非延续性动词

动词从某个角度来说可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词，如延续性动词run,live,play；非延续性动词come,buy,die,borrow等。当现在完成时用来表示某一动作或状态从过去某时开始延续到现在时，句后常跟表示从过去某时开始延续至今的时间状语，因此在完成时的这种用法中，句中的谓语动词只能用延续性动词。观察下列句型：

1. His aunt has died.（R）

2. His aunt has died for three years.(W)

3. His aunt has been dead for three years.(R)

4. Sally has become a doctor.(R)

5. Sally has become a doctor since 2000.(W)

6. Sally has been a doctor since 2000.(R)

7. They have moved to London.(R)

8. They have moved to London for 6 years.(W)

9. They have lived in London for 6 years.(R)

常用的非延续性动词与一段时间连用时的表达方式如下表：

非延续性动词	与一段时间连用时的表达方式
buy	have
borrow	keep
close	be closed
open	be open
come to, go to	be in /on/ at
die	be dead
move to	live in

另注：否定句中非延续性动词有时也可与表示过去某时延续至今的时间段连用，如：

I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.

Anna hasn’t borrowed any books from the bibrary since last summer.

 

现在完成时专项练习

一、用since和for填空：

1. ______ two years     2._______ two years ago      3. _______ last month    4.______ 1999

5._______ yesterday    6. _______ 4 o’clock    7. ______ 4 hours    8._______ an hour ago

9. _______ we were children     10. _____ lunch time     11.______ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

二、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空：

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?

B: He _____________ there only once.

三、句型转换：

1. He has already gone home. (否定句，疑问句)

He ______ _______ home _______. ________ he _______ home _________?

2. He has lunch at home. (否定句，疑问句)

He ______ ______ lunch at home. ________ he _______ lunch at home?

3. He has been there twice._______ _______ _____ _______ he been there? (划线提问)

4. I have had lunch at school.  _______ _______ you _________ lunch. (划线提问)

四、用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”

“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”

“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”

“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”

五、非延续性动词转换为延续性动词：

1. I moved to the USA last year.

I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.

2. They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

3. I became a teacher in 2000.

I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.

4. The shop closed two hours ago.

The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.

5. The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

6. He left Fuzhou just now.

He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.

7. My grandpa died in 2002.

My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.

8. I began to teach at this school in 1995.

I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

9. The film began two minutes ago.

The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

10. They borrowed it last week.

They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.

11. I bought a pen two hours ago.

I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

12. He joined the league in 2002.

He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.

He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.

13. My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.

My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.

六．划线提问

1. I have been there for two days.

__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?

2. My father has lived here since 2000.

_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?

3. He left here yesterday.

_________ ________ he _________ __________?

4. They bought a book two hours ago.

__________ ___________ they __________ a book

七．用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空：

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

八. 用适当的时态填空：

1. She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3. Both of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).

5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?

6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.

8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.

9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.