James Legge  译：

第六章

公都子曰：“告子曰：‘性无善无不善也。’或曰：‘性可以为善，可以为不善；是故文武兴，则民好善；幽厉兴，则民好暴。’或曰：‘有性善，有性不善；是故以尧为君而有象，以瞽瞍为父而有舜；以纣为兄之子且以为君，而有微子启、王子比干。’今曰‘性善’，然则彼皆非与？”

The disciple Gong Du said, 'The philosopher Gao says, "Man's nature is neither good nor bad." Some say, "Man's nature may be made to practise good, and it may be made to practise evil, and accordingly, under Wen and Wu, the people loved what was good, while under Yu and Li, they loved what was cruel." Some say, "The nature of some is good, and the nature of others is bad. Hence it was that under such a sovereign as Yao there yet appeared Xiang; that with such a father as Gu Sou there yet appeared Shun; and that with Zhou for their sovereign, and the son of their elder brother besides, there were found Qi, the viscount of Wei, and the prince Bi Gan. And now you say, "The nature is good." Then are all those wrong?'

孟子曰：“乃若其情，则可以为善矣，乃所谓善也。若夫为不善，非才之罪也。恻隐之心，人皆有之；羞恶之心，人皆有之；恭敬之心，人皆有之；是非之心，人皆有之。恻隐之心，仁也；羞恶之心，义也；恭敬之心，礼也；是非之心，智也。仁义礼智，非由外铄我也，我固有之也，弗思耳矣。故曰：‘求则得之，舍则失之。’或相倍蓰而无算者，不能尽其才者也。《诗》曰：‘天生蒸民，有物有则。民之秉夷，好是懿德。’孔子曰：‘为此诗者，其知道乎！故有物必有则，民之秉夷也，故好是懿德。’”

    Mencius said, 'From the feelings proper to it, it is constituted for the practice of what is good. This is what I mean in saying that the nature is good. If men do what is not good, the blame cannot be imputed to their natural powers. The feeling of commiseration belongs to all men; so does that of shame and dislike; and that of reverence and respect; and that of approving and disapproving. The feeling of commiseration implies the principle of benevolence; that of shame and dislike, the principle of righteousness; that of reverence and respect, the principle of propriety; and that of approving and disapproving, the principle of knowledge. Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and knowledge are not infused into us from without. We are certainly furnished with them. And a different view is simply owing to want of reflection. Hence it is said, "Seek and you will find them. Neglect and you will lose them." Men differ from one another in regard to them - some as much again as others, some five times as much, and some to an incalculable amount - it is because they cannot carry out fully their natural powers. It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Heaven in producing mankind, Gave them their various faculties and relations with their specific laws. These are the invariable rules of nature for all to hold, And all love this admirable virtue." Confucius said, "The maker of this ode knew indeed the principle of our nature!" We may thus see that every faculty and relation must have its law, and since there are invariable rules for all to hold, they consequently love this admirable virtue.'

【注释】

1.      公都子：孟子的学生。

2.      象：舜的异母弟，品行不善。

3.      瞽（gu）瞍（SOU）：舜的父亲，品行不善。

4.      乃若：转折连词，大致相当于

5.      “至于”等。

6.      情：指天生的性情。

7.      才：指天生的资质。

8.      铄（shuo）：授予。

9.      蓰（xi）：五倍。

10.  《诗》曰：引自《诗经•大雅•蒸民》。蒸，众；则，法则；秉，执；彝，常；懿，美。