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北  岳  胜  境 —— 悬         空         寺

(2016-07-21 15:01:52)
标签:

天师遗训

承重玄机

楼阁栈道

殿堂石刻

侠客遗迹

分类: 行走祖国

      悬空寺是恒山十八景中的第一胜景,因其知名度太高,甚至许多国人知悬空寺而不知恒山,所以未列入恒山系列博文,使其独立成篇。

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      悬空寺原名“玄空阁”,“玄”取自我国传统宗教道教教理,“空”来源于佛教教理,在汉语中“悬”与“玄”同音,因整座寺院就像悬挂在峭崖之上,所以后来改名悬空寺。或许有的朋友会问,是谁突发奇想,在悬崖上建一座寺院呢?

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      北魏天兴元年(公元398年),拓跋珪建都平城(今大同),当时著名的道教领袖天师道长寇谦之(公元365——448年),在83岁仙逝前留下遗训:要建一座空中寺院,已达“上延霄客,下绝嚣浮”。这个构想被其广众弟子谨记,他们尊师嘱多方筹资,精心选址,确定在恒山金龙峡的翠屏峰半崖峭壁间建一座寺院。其位置与主峰天峰岭东西相对,按大旅行家徐霞客的说法“伊阙双峙,武夷九曲,俱不足比拟也”!这等风水宝地,再加上能工巧匠的精心设计建造,终于在北魏太和十五年(公元491年)建成,距今已有1500多年的历史。现在我们看到的是明清两代修缮保存下来的遗物,这么久的历史,悬空寺竟未遭损毁,不能不说是一个奇迹!

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
     1 9 5 8 年 建 的 浑源恒山水库大 坝 、泄 洪 洞 及 明 渠
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      悬空寺总体分为三部分,由一进门的禅院和南北二楼组成,共有大小殿阁40间。南北两座三檐歇山顶高楼凌空相望,悬挂在刀劈斧凿般的崖壁上,连接楼阁的栈道飞架,三面环廊合抱,六座殿阁交叉,不同部位高低错落,整个布局紧密精巧。

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
           上图和下两图为  禅   
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

 

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      上 下 两图为俯拍禅院
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
          以 下 五 图 为 栈 道
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺


北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
       上 下 两 图 为 南 北相对两楼,中为栈 道。
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      全寺咋看上去仅靠十几根约碗口粗的木柱支撑,距离地面至少有五六十米高,感觉上不着天,下不着地,正应了民间的说法:“悬空寺,半天高,三根马尾空中吊”。初来咋到的人一看,准会心悬半截,担心随时有坠落的危险,其实这正是悬空寺的高妙之处!我们智慧的先人布下玄机,使用暗梁明柱的技法,把受力点主要放在半插入岩壁的横梁上。按照今天力学的说法是以嵌入岩石的半插飞梁为基础,巧借岩壁暗托,梁柱上下一体,廊栏左右相连,形成一个牢固的木质框架结构,达到了内里坚固抗震、外表危险四伏的撼人心魄效果。用一个不太恰当的比喻,就像我们今天装修房子,经常使用打入墙壁的膨胀螺栓,悬挂抽排油烟机、空调机,甚至容积近百升的电动热水器,小小螺栓可承重百斤,想那粗大密集的半插飞梁,承重万斤会有问题吗?这项技术的发明在我国历史悠久,运用广泛,华山的长空栈道、三清山的西海岸栈道、黄山的西海大峡谷栈道,以及现在赶时髦的多处玻璃栈道,都是采用半插横梁的技术来托重。北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

 
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      踏上栈道,如履薄冰,惊心眩目,但很安全,从下面可见粗大的半插横梁。
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      悬空寺的禅院主要有佛堂和大雄宝殿,而两座阁楼层层可登,上有雷音殿、三官殿、纯阳宫、三圣殿、四佛殿等,最让人称道的是三教殿。三教殿内塑有三教祖像:中为佛教始主释迦牟尼,神态详和;左为儒教始主孔子,鞠礼可敬;右为道教始主老子,高远豁达。三教合一,和谐共处,世人称奇,国内仅存。北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

 
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
      悬空寺石壁上有摩崖石刻多处,字体多变,苍劲有力,多出自金、元、明、清各代名家之手。如“腾云皈梦”,“名利心灰”,其中“公输天巧”意为鲁班建造,神仙所为。最难得的是诗仙李白的遗墨“壮观”,绝代诗人的诗作虽千古传诵,但墨宝极其罕见。世界级大旅行家徐霞客在明崇祯六年(公元1617年)来到恒山,感叹悬空寺为“天下巨观”。当年的北魏栈道如今已截流蓄水,浑源恒山水库使峡谷出平湖。
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

 

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺
    悬空寺的选址之险,建筑之奇,结构之巧,内涵之丰富,堪称世界一绝,曾被风靡世界的美国《时代周刊》列为世界十大不稳定建筑,足见其知名度。英国一位建筑学家赞道:“中国的悬空寺把力学、美学和宗教融为一体,做到尽善尽美,这样奇特的艺术在世界上是罕见的。悬空寺不仅是中国人民的骄傲,也是世界人民的骄傲!”北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

    
北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺

北 <wbr> <wbr>岳 <wbr> <wbr>胜 <wbr> <wbr>境 <wbr>—— <wbr>悬 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>空 <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr> <wbr>寺





         老三届whw赐玉:


                  遥似仙宫又似龛,千年古寺半空悬。

                  危楼挂壁神工巧,直教青莲叹壮观。

        博友言泊远赐玉:

                  禅寺凌空一壁悬,千钧斧钺定佛龛。
                  春秋雪月凌寒处,弥勒无声默不言。

                                5月31日 21:06

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