如何教《走遍美国》

——以第一课为例

梁冠华

   《走遍美国》这套教材我教了几轮，走过了不少弯路，同时也收获了很多。这套教材应该怎样教？

   《走遍美国》视听说的教学以英语教学视频为主线，以真实情景中的地道原版英语还原给学生一个全方位的英语环境，让学生进行一场生动有趣的英语视听说之旅。面对不同程度的学生，在不同的时期，因教学目标的不同，我采取不同的教法。

    教学对象是一般学生的时候，我通常按“视听→词汇→视听→模仿语音语调→提问→复述→视听巩固”的步骤进行教学。在现在的高考中，要求学生对视频进行一分钟的故事复述，因应要求的变化，我也对我的教学步骤进行了调整，简化为“视听→提问→视听→复述→视听巩固”。

   “视听→提问→视听→复述→视听巩固”教学模式强调的是学生对故事情节的理解，而不拘泥于词汇语法的用法。在这五个教学步骤中，关键步骤是提问。教师提问的问题，直接影响学生对视频信息的捕捉，进而影响学生复述视频故事的难易程度，因此，我会精心设计提问的问题。我把问题的着眼点放在故事线索上，设计的问题大部分与故事的情节有关，很少涉及细节，学生根据问题就能讲述故事的梗概。同时，提问的时间点也很重要。应该在哪里进行提问？提问时间点的设置也应该与故事的情节有关。在恰当的时间点问恰当的问题，使学生能轻松复述故事，教学就成功了。

    每一课的《走遍美国》都有三个部分：Act I、Act II和Act III。在视听复述阶段分三个部分独立进行，所以，学生对视频故事的理解是不连贯的。因此，我对每课的视频进行切割编辑，把三个部分的视频连接成一个完整的故事（见→《走遍美国》连续故事版），在最后“视听巩固” 环节播放给学生视听，让学生“既见树木又见林”。英语程度好的学生，在看了连续故事版视频后，能把独立的三个部分串联起来，完整地复述出整个故事。

    附：《走遍美国》第一课教学设计

 

走遍美国

Familiy Album,U.S.A.

第一课：46 Linden Street  林登大街 46 号

ACT I  

1. What’s the name of the place which appears in Act I? (It is New York Harbor.)

Excuse me. My name is Richard Stewart. 对不起，我叫 Richard Stewart。 

And I'm a photographer.  我是一位摄影师。 

2. What is Richard?(He is a photographer。)

May I take a picture of you and your little boy?  我可以为你和你的小男孩儿拍一张照片吗？ 

What's it for?  做什么用？

It's for a book.  是为一本书拍的。 

You're writing a book? 你在写一本书吗? 

It's a book of pictures. 这是一本摄影集。 

I call it Family Album, U.S.A.  我称之为“走遍美国”。

Oh, that's a nice idea.  噢,这想法不错。 

Well, it's fine if you take our picture.  你想为我们拍照就请吧。

I'm Martha Vann.  我叫 Martha Vann。 

Thank you. I appreciate your help.  谢谢。很感谢你的帮助。

I'm Richard. What's your name?  我是 Richard，你叫什么？

Gerald. Gerald。 

How old are you, Gerald? Gerald,你今年多大？ 

Five.  五岁。 

And where do you live? 你们住哪？

We live in California.  我们住在加利福尼亚州  。 

Well, welcome to New York.  噢，欢迎你们到纽约来。

OK, just a second.  好了，请稍等一下。 

I'm almost ready here.  我快要准备好了。 

Can I help you?  我能帮你忙吗？ 

Oh, please. 噢，太好了。 

Hold Gerald's hand, please. Great!  请握住 Gerald 的手。很好！ 

Now point to the buildings. 现在请指着那些建筑物。

Terrific!  好极了！ 

Give Mommy a kiss, Gerald. Nice! Gerald，亲一亲妈咪，很棒！ 

Thank you, Gerald. 谢谢你， Gerald。 

And thank you, Mrs. Vann.  谢谢，Vann太太。

Oh, my pleasure.  噢，不客气。 

We'll be looking for your book.  我们一定去买你的书。 

Thank you. Good-bye. Bye, Gerald.  谢谢。再见。Gerald，再见。 

Thanks again.  再次感谢 。 

Oh, you're welcome.  噢  ，请别客气。 

3. What is Richard doing in the harbor?(He is taking some pictures of the woman and her son for his album. The album is called Family Album, U.S.A.)

Hey, let me take your picture!  嘿  ，让我给你拍一张照片。 

Wonderful. Please.  好啊，请。 

Are you from New York? 是从纽约来的吗？

No, I'm from Greece.  不是，我是从希腊来的。 

I'm an exchange student.  我是一名交换学生。 

4. Where is Alexandra from?(From Greece.) And what is she?(She is an exchange student.)

When did you come here? 是什么时候来这儿的？ 

Three months ago.  三个月之前。 

Your English is very good.你的英语说得很好。 

Thanks.  谢谢夸奖。 

I studied English in school. 我是在学校里学的英语。 

Would you like some coffee? 要不要来点咖啡？ 

No, thank you.  不了，谢谢。 

Tell me about your book.  谈谈你的书吧。 

Oh, it's not finished yet,  噢，它尚未完成。

but I have some of the pictures.  但我手头有一些照片。

Would you like to see them?  要不要看一看？

Yes. I'd like that.  要啊，我想看一看。 

Here they are. Family Album, U.S.A.  就在这。走遍美国。

It's an album of pictures of the United States: 是关于美国的： 

the cities, the special places, and the people. 一些城市、一些特别的地方以及人们的摄影选辑。 

And these are pictures of people working: 这是人们工作中的照片： 

steelworkers, bankers, police, street vendors,  钢架工人、银行职员、  警察、 街头小贩、 

ambulance drivers, doctors.... 救护车驾驶员、医生等等…… 

Oh, this is my father. He's a doctor. 噢，这是我父亲。他是一名医生  。

This is my mother. 这是我母亲。 

What's her name?  她叫什么名字？ 

Ellen. Ellen。 

My younger brother, Robbie.  这是我弟弟 Robbie  。

He goes to high school.  他在上高中。 

This is my sister Susan.  这是我妹妹 Susan  。

She works for a toy company.  她在一家玩具公司工作  。

Here's my grandfather. He lives in Florida. 这是我祖父,  他住在在 Florida。 

And this is my wife Marilyn. 这是我太太 Marilyn 。

Oh, she's very pretty. 噢 ,她很漂亮。 

5. What does Richard show Alexandra? (He shows Alexandra some pictures for Family Album, U.S.A.)

Thanks. And what about your family? 谢谢。那你的家庭呢?

They are in Thessaloniki. 他们住在 Thessaloniki  。

That's a large city in northern Greece.  那是希腊北部的一个大城市。

But now I'm living in the Bronx.  但现在我住在 Bronx。　 

With a Greek-American family?  跟希裔美国家庭住吗?

No. Hispanic.  不是,是西班牙语裔家庭。

6. Where is Alexandra’ family? (Alexandra’ family is in a large city in northern Greece.)

Oh no! It's five thirty. 哎呀,已经五点半了。

Will you excuse me? 我失陪了。

I have to meet my wife.  我得去接我太太。  

7. Richard leaves the harbor quickly. Why? (Because he has to meet his wife in time. It's five thirty. He will be late if he doesn’t hurry.)

It was nice meeting you. 非常高兴遇见你。 

It was a pleasure meeting you, too. 我也很高兴碰到你。 

Thanks for your help.  谢谢你的帮助。 

And good luck! I've got to go.  祝你好运,我得走了。

By the way, I'm Richard. 噢,我忘了说,我叫 Richard。

What's your name?  你呢? 

Alexandra. Alexandra。 

Bye-bye, Alexandra. Thanks. 再见,Alexandra。谢谢。 

Bye-bye. Richard! Richard! You left your bag! 再见,Richard  ！Ricchard！你掉了一个旅行袋！ 

8. Richard leaves the harbor so quickly that he forgets something. What does he forget? (A bag. A camera bag.)

Key words for retelling:_________________________________________

●Retelling:___________________________________________________.

 

ACT II  

Excuse me, officer.  对不起,警官。 

Can you help me?  你能帮帮我吗? 

Sure.  当然可以。

1. Alexandra tries to find Richard. She wants to return the camera bag to Richard. Whom does Alexandra ask to show her the way? (She asks an officer to show her the way to Richard’s apartment.)

Can you tell me  你能告诉我

how to get to Linden Street, in Riverdale? 怎么去 Riverdale 的林登街? 

"Richard Stewart, 46 Linden Street,         “Richard Stewart,  林登街 46 号,

Riverdale, New York."         Riverdale,  纽约” 

You should take the number 1 subway.  应当搭 1 路地铁。 

Is there a station near here?  附近有地铁站吗?

Yes. The station's that way.  有。地铁站在那边。 

You should take the number 1 train       搭 1 路车 

to Van Cortlandt Park.               到Van Cortlandt公园下车。 

Number 1 train to Van Cortlandt Park. Thank you. 1路车到 Van Cortlandt 公园。谢谢。 

Anytime. Good luck.  不用谢。祝你好运。 

Remember, the number 1 train. The uptown platform. 记住,  搭1 路车。在北线月台。

Thank you. 谢谢。 

You're welcome.  不客气。 

2. How to get to Linden Street, the place Richard lives in, according to the officer’s words?( The officer tells Alexandrea to take the number 1 subway.)

Is this pink too bright for me? 这粉红色对我是不是太过鲜艳了? 

Mmm-hmm. It is a very bright pink.  是的,这种粉红色是鲜艳了点。

Try this. It's size eight.  试试这一件,尺码是八号。 

But I wear size ten.  但我穿十号的衣服。 

How about green? It's size ten. 绿的怎么样?它是十号的。

Let me try it on.  让我试试看。 

I'm taking too much of your time. 我耽误了你很多时间。

It's six o'clock.  已经六点了。 

Where's my husband?  我丈夫怎么还没来?

I was expecting him here at five forty-five.  我们约好了五点四十五在这儿会面的。 

Don't worry. The traffic is very heavy at this hour.  别担心。这个时间交通很忙。 

I know. But we're going to be late for dinner.  我知道。但我们晚餐可要迟到了。 

I'll take this green sweater. 我买这件绿色毛衣吧。 

I like the color on me, don't you?  我觉得这种颜色较适合我,你说呢? 

I think it looks terrific on you.  我觉得你穿上它好极了 

3. Richard’s wife(Marilyn) is waiting for him. What is Marilyn doing while she is waiting for her husband? (Marilyn, Richard’s wife, is selling clothes to customers while she is waiting for her husband.)

I'm sorry I'm so late.  对不起我迟到这么久。 

4. Later, Richard arrives but he is late. At what time is he expected to arrive? (His wife expects him to arrive at at five forty-five.)

I had a really bad day.  今天真是糟透了。 

It's ten after six. We're late. 现在是六点十分。我们晚了。 

5. When does Richard arrives? (He arrives at ten after six.)

Robbie's cooking tonight, and dinner's at six thirty.  今晚 Robbie 做饭,晚餐六点半开始。 

I know. I know. I'm really sorry.  我知道。我知道。我真的很抱歉。

I left my bag of film on the ferry. 我把装底片的旅行袋遗忘在渡船上。 

I went back for it, but the ferry was gone. 等我回去找的时候,船已经开走了。 

6. Why is Richard late? (He left his bag of film on the ferry. He went back to look for it. So he is late.)

I lost a whole day's work.  我浪费了一整天的工作成果。 

I'll call the Staten Island Ferry lost-and-found office.  我来打电话给 Staten Island渡轮失物招领处。 

I didn't think of that. Thanks.  我倒没有想到这个法子。谢了。 

Hello.  你好。

Yes. The number, please, 你好。我想问一下，

of the Staten Island Ferry lost-and-found office. Staten 渡轮失物招领处的电话号码。

Five five five...zero eight zero eight.    555...0808。 

7. Richard’s wife calls the lost-and-found office to help her husband to find the bag. What’s the phone number of the lost-and-found office? (The phone number is 555...0808.)

Thank you. 谢谢。 

I really appreciate it, Marilyn.  真的很感谢,Marilyn。  

Hello.你好。  

Did anyone find a camera bag this afternoon, 请问今天下午有人捡到一个照像机旅行袋，

a small canvas/ ‘kænvəs / bag, 一个小的粗帆布袋？ 

on the J. F. Kennedy Ferry?...No?    是在J. F. Kennedy渡船上丢的。……没有吗?

Maybe someone will find it.  也许会有人发现的。 

The name is Stewart, Richard Stewart. 失主是 Stewart ,Richard Stewart。 

And the telephone number is five five five... 电话是 555...... 

three oh nine oh. Thank you.     3090。谢谢  。 

Sorry, Richard. They don't have it. 对不起,Richard。他们那儿没有。 

8. Does Marilyn find the bag from the lost-and-found office? What does she do then? (No, she doesn’t. She tells the lost-and-found office her telephone number and hopes the clerk call back when they find the bag.)

Thanks, anyway. 不管怎样,我都得谢谢你。

There was a girl on the ferry. 在渡船上有一个女孩。 

Now maybe...  也许现在…… 

Tell me about it on the way home.  在回家的路上告诉我吧.

Key words for retelling:_________________________________________

●Retelling:___________________________________________________.

 

ACT III  

And give her a teaspoon of the medicine after every meal. 每餐之后给她吃一茶匙的药。

Don't worry. She'll be fine. 不要担心,她会好的。

You're welcome. Good-bye.  不用谢。再见。 

How are you?  你怎么样? 

I'm tired and hungry. 我累了,也饿了。 

Well, Marilyn and Richard called.  好啦, Marilyn和 Richard 打电话来了。 

They'll be here soon, and then we'll eat. 他们马上就到。他们一到就开饭。 

All right. Is...is Susan coming? 好吧, Susan 来吗?

Well, she'll be here later. 来,她会晚一点。 

She has to work late tonight.  她今晚得工作得晚一些。

And what's Robbie cooking for dinner? Robbie为晚餐准备了什么?

It's a surprise.  会给你一个惊喜。 

I hope it's pasta.  我希望是意大利通心粉。 

Robbie, the dinner was terrific. Robbie,晚餐真是棒极了。 

Yes, it was delicious.  对, 味道非常好。 

What's for dessert?  有什么甜点呢? 

Oh, I forgot dessert.  哦,我忘了甜点了。 

Robbie!  Robbie!

Don't worry.  别愁。 

We've got lots of ice cream.  我们有很多冰淇淋。 

Oh, I'd love some ice cream. 哦,我想吃冰淇淋。 

Well, there's chocolate and coffee and a little vanilla. 好的,这儿有巧克力冰淇淋, 咖啡冰淇淋和一点香草的。 

I'll have vanilla.  我要香草的。 

Is that all right with everyone? 各位有意见吗?

I'll have chocolate.  我要巧克力的。 

Me, too.  我也是。 

Uh, one scoop of coffee  我要一勺咖啡的 

and one scoop of chocolate for me.  和一勺巧克力的。 

Robbie, will you help me serve? Robbie,你能帮我端么? 

1. Later that evening, what does Richard’s family do? (Richard’s family has dinner together.)

I keep thinking about that bag of film. Eight rolls.  我一直在想着旅行袋的事。一共有八卷 。

A whole day's work.  一整天的成果呀。 

And good stuff, too.  而且都很精采。 

Don't worry, Richard.  别担心, Richard。

Somenoe will find it.  有人会发现它的。 

I'll get it. Hello. 我去开门。你好。 

Hello.你好。

Does Richard Stewart live here? Richard Stewart住在这儿吗? 

Yes, he's my brother. 是的，他是我哥哥。 

I'm Robbie...Robbie Stewart.  我叫 Robbie...Robbie Stewart。 

I'm Alexandra Pappas. 我叫 Alexandra Pappas。 

How do you do?  你好。 

Your brother left his bag of film on the ferryboat.  你哥哥将他的旅行袋遗忘在渡船上了。 

I found it.  我发现了它。 

I'm really glad to see you. 非常高兴见到你。 

I mean...my brother'll be really glad to see you!  我的意思是......我哥哥见到你会非常高兴。 

Robbie! Who is it? Robbie！是谁呀？

It's Richard's film! Richard的底片。

I mean, Alexandra Pappas. 我是说 Alexandra Pappas。 

Come in, please.  请进。  

Alexandra! Alexandra !

Hello, Richard. I found your bag!  你好, Richard。  我捡到你的旅行袋。 

2. Who found the bag(Richard’ bag)?(Alexandra, the girl)

Oh, thank you! Thank you! 哦,谢谢,  谢谢! 

Um...Alexandra, let me introduce you. 噢……Alexandra,让我介绍一下。 

This is my wife Marilyn.  这是我太太 Marilyn。

Richard showed me your photo. Richard给我看了你的照片。 

How do you do?  你好。

Oh yes.  哦。 

Richard told us all about you. Richard跟我们谈起你。 

It's nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 

And this is my mother, Ellen Stewart. 这是我妈妈,Ellen Stewart。 

How do you do?  你好。 

And my father, Dr. Philip Stewart. 这是我父亲,Philip Stewart 医生。 

Nice to meet you, Alexandra. 很高兴见到你, Alexandra。 

And...ah...you met Robbie. 还有……啊,你已经见过 Robbie  。

Yes. And you must be Susan. Hi.  是的。那你一定是 Susan 了,你好。

Hi. Welcome.  嗨,欢迎。 

I'm so glad you found the bag 我很高兴你发现了旅行袋 

and took the time and trouble to return it. 而且不怕麻烦,花时间将它送来。 

Oh, it was no trouble.  哦,没什么麻烦。 

I just took the wrong train. 只是我坐错了车。 

Would you like something to eat? 来吃点东西,  好吗?

Thank you, no.  谢谢,  不用了。 

I'm late for dinner at my house.  我回家吃晚饭要迟到了。

I really have to go.  我真的得走了。 

Would you like to call home? 你想跟家里通个电话吗? 

I'd appreciate that. 谢谢你(让我使用电话)。

Please, use the phone. 请随便用。 

Thanks. Excuse me.  谢谢。失陪一下。 

Alexandra's a high-school exchange student from Greece. Alexandra是从希腊来的交换高中生。 

Where does she live? 她住在哪儿?

With a family in the Bronx. 住在 Bronx区的一个家庭  。 

Oh, that's not too far from here!  噢,那儿不是很远!

Take it easy, Robbie. 不要太紧张,Robbie。 

Thank you. 谢谢。 

I can only stay a few minutes.  我只能停留几分钟。 

Have some iced tea.  喝点冰茶吧。 

Thanks, Mrs. Stewart.  谢谢, Stewart 太太  。

Please sit down, Alexandra. 请坐 ,Alexandra。 

So, you're an exchange student.  哦,你是一名交换学生。 

Where do you go to school? 在哪儿上学? 

At the Bronx High School of Science.  在Bronx 区的理科中学读书。 

Oh, that's a very good school.  哦,那是个好学校。 

What are your favorite subjects? 喜欢哪些课程? 

Biology and mathematics. 生物学和数学。

3. What are Alexandra(the gir)’s favorite subjects?( Biology and mathematics.)

Richard tells me you're a doctor. Richard告诉我您是医生。 

Yes, a pediatrician.  是的,小儿科医生。 

And what does your father do?  令尊是做什么的? 

He's a lawyer, in Thessaloniki.  他是 Thessaloniki 的一名律师。 

Would you like some pasta?  你想不想来点意大利通心粉？

I made it myself.  我自己做的。 

It might be a little cold. 可能有点凉了。 

Thanks, no. I do have to go.  谢谢,不用了。我真的得走了。 

It was nice meeting you all. 很高兴见到你们一家。 

Well, maybe you'll come for lunch some Sunday,  既然如此,或许哪个星期天能来吃中饭。 

so we can really thank you 让我们好好的感谢你 

for bringing Richard's bag back.  送回 Richard 的旅行袋。　 

Maybe.  再说。 

You're welcome anytime. 欢迎你随时来玩。 

Good-bye.  再见。 

Can I drive you home?  我开车送你回去好吗? 

No, thanks. 不用了,谢谢。 

The train is just up the street. 地铁就在街的那一头。 

It won't take me long at all.  不需要花很长时间的。 

4. Does Richard(the man) drive Alexandra(the gir) home? Why? (No. The train is just up the street. It won’t take long for Alexandra to get to the train.)

Well, you really saved the day for me, Alexandra.你真的帮了我一个大忙,Alexandra。 

Bye.  再见。 

Bye-bye.  再见。 

Good night. 晚安。 

She's a smart young lady, and very nice. 她是个聪明的年轻姑娘,而且很善良。

Very! Hey, she forgot her bag!  十分！  嘿,她忘了她的包！

5. Alexandra forgot something because of her leaving hurriedly. What is it? (A bag.) 

I guess we'll be seeing Alexandra again. 我想我们不久又将见到 Alexandra。 

Right, Robbie? 对吧,Robbie?

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●Retelling:___________________________________________________.