“Plastic surgery make me more beautiful and gave me confidence in myself and the perfect measurement that won me this title,” said the beauty queen in a green dress, who was representing Brazil’s southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Borges, 22, had liposuction and had her chin, nose, and ears worked on, as well as, had her breasts enlarged.
With the development of plastic surgery, more and more of Brazil’s would-be beauty queen are finding it easier to achieve the ideal measurements. These days, young hopefuls from the Amazon jungle to big cities in Brazil’s south are planning surgery.
A third of the 27 finalists at the beauty contest went under the scalpel after rules were changed in the 1990s.The new rules permit plastic surgery, colored contact lenses, and hair dye at beauty contests.
The organizers of the Miss Brazil contest said, “It’s a war out there, and all of the beauty tools that can be used should be used. Other countries like Venezuela paved the way, and Brazil is going to have to use those tools as well if it wants to compete in Miss University beauty contests.”
But Brazil’s love for plastic surgery is not limited to beauty contests. Most young women who undergo surgery want to find a better man or a higher-paying job.
5. How many surgical operations did the former Miss Brazil have altogether?
6. What change has plastic surgery brought, according to the passage?
7. Which of the following is allowed after the rules changed in the1990s??
4. Which of the following countries is mentioned as a pioneer in using beauty tools?
5. What is the goal of most young Brazilian women who undergo surgery?
Keys: 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A
Task 2: Is it true beauty?
Script
John: There goes Camilla. She looks gorgeous today, doesn’t she? Her skin is as smooth as a baby’s bottom. Her lips are a perfect Cupid’s bow. She must have dozens of admirers.
Becky: I wonder what she looks like without all makeup. She must out it with a spoon. It’s like a mask. I don’t understand what men find so attractive about her.
John: Do I detect a hint of jealousy?
Becky: She has nothing for me to be jealous about.
John: I’ll be you believe in those saying like: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Becky: True beauty comes from within. Natural materials should be enough to bring it out.
John: But do you always stick to those rules? When I went past your apartment last night, I saw you in the kitchen with some green substance smeared all your face.
Becky: They were cucumbers. They’re natural healers of the skin. Haven’t you heard people say on TV that they soften the skin, wipe out the roughness, and build strength and resilience?
John: Yeah, yeah, yeah! They wipe out lines and age signs. Blah, blah, blah! See, I can even recite that advertisement.
Becky: You’ve learned a lot, haven’t you?
John: Since you can keep your skin so young-looking and maintain your figure so well, you might as well as write a book on beauty secrets.
Becky: Don’t pull my leg. Anyway, you’d do well to try the cucumber treatment on yourself. Put some cucumber slice on your head. At least they’ll keep that bald spot from shining so brightly.
.
Keys: FTFTF
Uint3
II. Basic Listening Practice
5. Script
W: Did you see the paper today? There was an earthquake in Brazil.
M: Yes, but it only measured 3.5 on the Richter scale. I don’t think there were any casualties.
Q: What is the result of the earthquake of 3.5 on the Richter scale according to the man?
2. Script
W: I’d a bit worried about Suzie traveling to southern India. It’s the rainy season there, and there may be landsides.
M: Suzie can take care of herself; she won’t go anywhere too risky. Besides, you can always e-mail her if it makes you feel better.
Q: What is Suzie doing?
3. Script
M: Hi, I thought you were on holiday in Asia! Back already?
W: we never got there! Our travel agent cancelled our arrangements because the whole region is flooded. We were so disappointed; we won’t get another chance to go this year.
Q: What is the woman doing?
4. Script
M: Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by twelve hours. Can you believe it? A typhoon hit the east coast and it was chaos.
W: I saw it on the news. The flooding and damage were terrible. I don’t think anyone was hurt though.
Q: What is the consequence of the typhoon?
5. Script
W: Did you see the program last night about volcanoes? It was fascinating!
M: Yes, the weird thing is the molten lava looks so beautiful, yet it’s so destructive. And I couldn’t believe how far the ash can travel. I’m glad we don’t have any volcanoes here!
Q: What does the man think the volcano is?
Keys: 1.D 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.C
III. Listening In
Task 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.
Son: Hi, mom, what are we having for dinner tonight?
Mom: I haven’t started yet. Why, have you any requires?
Son: How about tsunami for a change—I don’t know what is, but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it’s similar to sushi.
Mom: Nonsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. If we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around, young man.
Son: Why? What is it?
Mom: I mean it may swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very powerful waves.
Son: Could you surf on them? That could be cool.
Mom: They’re not cool. They are very destructive. When they pound the shore of populated areas, they cause tremendous damage. They destroy everything in their path.
Son: What causes them?
Mom: I think they are caused by some sort of shock, like an earthquake, volcano, or landside that starts a chain reaction in the ocean.
Son: Do the waves get to big that they crush buildings?
Mom: Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses around as though they were children’s toys.
Son: Can you see them coming?
Mom: You can see them at quite a distance. But there’s not much you can do. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger.
Son: How big?
Mom: They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.
11. What the son think a tsunami is?
12. What does Mom imply by saying, “If we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around”?
13. What does the son think surfing on tsunami waves would be like?
14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the cause of a tsunami?
15. How high can tsunami waves reach?
Keys: 1B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C
For Reference
1. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger.
2. They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.
Task3: A Blizzard
Script
A blizzard is a sever weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds, greater than 15 miles per hour, bearing a great amount of snow.
Because the factors for classifying winter storms are complex, there are many different definitions of what a blizzard truly is. But it is generally agreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard, as opposed to merely a winter storm, the weather must meet several conditions. The storm must decrease visibility to a quarter of a mile for three hours running. Include snow or ice as precipitation, and have wind speed of at least 32 miles per hour, which means Force 7 or more on the Wind Scale.
Another standard, according to Environment Canada, is that the winter storm must have winds of 40 kilometers per hour or mi=ore, plenty of snow, visibility less than 1 kilometer, a temperature of less than -25 degrees Celsius, and all of these conditions must last for 4 hours or more, before the storm can properly be called a blizzard.
When all these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling, the storm is referred t o as a ground blizzard.
An extensive form of blizzard is a whiteout, when the downdrafts, together with snowfall, become so sever that it is impossible to distinguish the ground from the air. People caught in a whiteout can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction. Severe blizzard can also occur along with arctic cyclones.
11. What is the passage mainly about?
12. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the first standard?
13. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the second standard?
14. What is a ground blizzard?
5. Which of the following is in the order of increasing force?
Keys: 1A 2.B3. C 4.D 5.C
For Reference
They can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction.
VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Task1: Description of a Tsunami
Script
A strange hissing noise filled the air, said witnesses to the disaster, and that was followed by an ear-shattering roar. Racing toward the shore at speed of 450 kilometers per hour was a vast black wall of water more than 20 meters high.
For sunbathers on the beaches and diners at outdoor beachfront cafes there was no escape. Along with fishing boats, automobiles, trams, trains, early-morning shoppers and beach bungalows they were smashed to the ground and swept as far as two kilometers inland by the force of the tsunami that came after a force 9 earthquake deep under the sea off the coast of Sumatra.
Many local residents, including numerous children, rushed onto the beach to pick up fish thrown ashore by the first giant wave. Before they could return to safety, a second powerful wave struck and swept them to their deaths at sea.
When the worst of the waters finally retreated back into the ocean, bodies lay everywhere, and many hung from trees. At least 140,000 people died in the flooding around the rim of the Indian Ocean and as far away as Kenya and Somalia. Still missing are more than a thousand people, among then 200 Indonesian fishmen.
Hundreds of fishing village in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand are cut off from supplies of clean water, food and medicines. Relief efforts from across the globe are rushing towards the disaster area. Whether they will be able to prevent further deaths from disease remain to be seen.
8. What happened after shoppers were smashed to the ground?
9. According to the passage, what happened after the first giant wave?
10. How many people are missing in the disaster?
11. What may follow immediately after the disaster, according to the passage?
12. What id the passage mainly about?
Keys: 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A
Task 2: Drought in South Africa
Script
South Africa is heading for a disaster in the new year because of a drought. The water level at some dams have dropped below 20% while the ground water table has dropped by as much s 30 meters
Emergency measure have been introduced ensure that millions of people have enough water to survive. In rural areas without dams, the government has to send water by truck and sink new, deeper wells to provide drinking water. Tanked water is provided about 3.5 million South Africans. People here normally use barely 30 liters a day, and is impossible to further limit their usage. That is why agricultural use has to be restricted.
More than 100,000 farm workers might lose their jobs if it does not rain soon. Water restrictions, which have a negative influence on the agricultural sector in particular, have already been imposed in several districts. Farmers have been forced to stop irrigating their crops to ensure that enough water is available for domestic use. Maize farmers in the eastern parts of the country have almost no hope of planting their crop in time. They need rain within the next two weeks to be able to start planting. Where farmers did sow, the seedlings have been scorched under the sun.
An estimated 40,000 head of livestock have died because of the dry spell. Thousands of stock farmers will have to slaughter their livestock on a large scale because there is no grass left.
The parts suffering the most were rural areas without dams. If it does not rain, the people there will face a huge crisis.
Keys: FFTFT
Uint4
II. Basic Listening Practice
6. Script
M: Do you see yourself as a leader or more of a team player?
W: Well, it depends on the circumstances. I usually enjoy working as part of a team and helping everyone work together. But if the leadership is weak, I’m not afraid to take over in order to achieve the goal at hand.
Q: What does the woman want to be?
7. Script
W: Good morning, I have an appointment with Mr. Davies at 11o’ clock.
M: Yes, he left a message for you saying he’s terribly sorry but he’s stuck in traffic and is running 15 minutes late. Please take a seat and he’ll be here as soon as possible. Would you like tea or coffee?
Q: Where is the conversation probably taking place?
3. Script
W: You don’t happy. Did you get that promotion?
M: No, they brought in some new guy. I’m not going to hang around for much longer, I can’t assure you.
Q: Why is the man unhappy?
4. Script
W: Mr. Jones is a self-made millionaire, and I’m honored to have worked for him for the past thirty years as his accountant.
M: He must be pleased to have a loyal and faithful employee such as yourself.
Q: What is true of the woman?
5. Script
W: Jane, we’re considering you for the new office manager’s position. We’ve been very pleased with your work.
M: Thank you very much. I’ve always enjoyed working here, and I would welcome an opportunity for more responsibility.
Q: Which of the following is true?
Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. A 4.B 5.D
III. Listening In
Task 1: You’re fired!
Joan: Come in, come in. Have a seat. Ah…uh…I want you to know this is going to hurt me more than it will hurt you.
Carl: Yes, ma’am. But I’m not quite sure what you’re talking about.
Joan: You’re fired. That’s what I’m talking about.
Carl: I find that surprising, Miss Jackson. After all, I sold twenty-five percent more of our products than any other salesperson.
Joan: Look, I’m not here to argue. You’re fired. Understand?
Carl: I understand perfectly. I just wonder what’s going to happen to the contract I’ve been arranging. It would be a shame to lose it; it could mean a lot of our company. And I’m the only one who knows the details.
Joan: No one is indispensable. Just clear out your desk, and that’s the end of it. Do I make myself clear, Mr. Westlake?
Carl: Crystal clear—apart from one small detail.
Joan: And what, pray tell, is that detail?
Carl: I’m not Mr. Westlake. I’m Carl Smith.
Joan: Well then, that’s a different kettle of fish, Mr. Smith. I know you’ve bee n working late almost every night and coming in on Saturdays to get work done. The company is very happy with your progress.
Carl: That’s good to know. I was beginning to think that I wasn’t appreciated.
Joan: You’re doing well. We have approved your first salary increase.
Carl: That’s great! Thank you! I’ll certainly try to live up to the trust you have demonstrated in me with this raise in pay.
16. Why is the man surprised at the being fired?
17. What is the second reason mentioned of the man to object to his being fired?
18. What mistake did the woman make?
19. What do you know about the man’s work performance?
20. What does the man finally get?
Keys: 1C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A
For Reference
1. I want you to know this is going to hurt me more than it will hurt you.
2. That’s great! Thank you! I’ll certainly try to live up to the trust you have demonstrated in me with this raise in pay.
Task3: The Role of Job Descriptions
Script
People who don’t understand what their employers expect them to do may be headed for one of the most common and yet most avoidable career traps. If your boss doesn’t take the time to explain properly what you are expected to do in your position. Then keep asking questions until you know precisely what it is. Don’t limit your questions to matter of everyday routine. Lee Colby, a management consultant based in Minneapolis, offers his advice. He says you can ask more significant questions like, “What are our departmwnt’s goals? How does my work fit in with the overall objective of the company?”
That method helped Lisa James, an assistant manager at an electronics company. When James was transferred to a new department seven years ago, she found herself not only working for the manager of quality control, but assisting three other managers. Because the job was both demanding and ill-defined, James had to put in ten-hour days as well as take work home. To clarify what was expected of her and what she hoped to get from her job in terms of career department, she drafted a list of goals in collaboration with her principal boss. The list proved so well though out that her boss used it as the basis for her annual performance reviews. Shortly afterwards, she was given a raise for her efficient work.
If your boss is vague about what your goals should be, try this technique suggested by Atkin Simon, director of a Boston-based management-consulting firm: Read your position description, which most large firms provide, and identify the two or three most important tasks it mentions. Then meet with your boss, point out the tasks you’ve chosen and ask if they accurately reflect what your boss considers important.
15. If your boss does not describe your job responsibility clearly, what can you do?
16. What kind of questions can you ask about your job?
17. When James was transferred to a new department, how many managers did she have to work for?
18. With whom did James draft a list of goals?
5. How was her list of goals received?
Keys: 1B 2.D3. D 4.A 5.C
For Reference
Read your position description and identify the two or three most important tasks it mentions. Then meet with your boss, point out the tasks you’ve chosen and ask if they accurately reflect what your boss considers important.
VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Task1: A small misstep can become a big career trap.
Script
George Adams, a market researcher at a Midwestern firm, finally printed his marketing report. After months of research, hundreds of surveys, and several boring drafts, his report was complete, and just in time. He was going away for the weekend, and he wanted to relax knowing his report was a success. He carefully proofread his document and then delivered copies to all the executives on his distribution list.
When he returned to his desk, he discovered his boss, the department manager, was livid. At first he did not realize he had accidentally gone over his head. Anyway, she had given him the contribution list in the first place. So he thought he was just following orders. But the boss was furious that she hadn’t seen the final document.
The boss asked Adams to get back the copies, but it was too late. When Adams got to the CEO’s office, he was already reading the report.
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