必修五 U3 过去分词做状语

Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛（P18 L20）

过去分词hit在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
我很担心这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实。

worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语, 在此处作原因状语。

 

（1）    过去分词做状语时与主语的关系

过去分词做状语时，若其逻辑主语是句子的主语，则与句中主语含有逻辑上的被动关系。

（2）    过去分词的句法功能

过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随，有时在其前还可以带上连词，以示明确。

1．     作时间状语。 

Once discovered, the enemies were completely wiped out.

2．     作原因状语   

Moved by his words, I accepted his present.

3．     作条件状语   

United we stand, divided we fail.

4．     作让步状语   

Although tired, they continued to work.

5．     作方式或伴随状语 

The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students.

注意：

1) 作状语的过去分词通常与句子的主语存在着被动关系，她所表示的动作通常和谓语动词属于同一时间范畴，也可表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。有时为了强调先发生的动作，也可用having been done.

e.g. Having been told many times, he can’t still remember it.

（3）    过去分词作状语的位置

过去分词作状语时，多放在句首，也可放在后面或者插在中间，一般要用逗号同其他部分隔开。

例：

1)     Dealt with in a proper way, waste can be turned into useful things.如果处理得当，废品也可转化成有用的东西。

2)     United，we stand; divided, we fall. (=If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall) 合则立，分必夸。

3)     The table set, they began to dine.摆放好桌子，他们开始吃饭了。

4)     He stood there silently, moved to years. 他沉默地站在那儿，感动地流下了眼泪。

 

（4）过去分词的逻辑主语要跟主句的主语一致,否则不能用过去分词作状语,应用状语从句。

（误）Checked carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

（正）If the composition is checked carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

过去分词作定语或状语时，该分词及修饰成分相当一句定语或状语从句，变为定语从句或状语从句中，该从句应该具备两个特征：

1）从句的主语和主句中的先行词一致；

2）谓语动词为被动语态形式。

 过去分词短语作状语详解

 

Ex.1. Combine these two sentences using the past participate as the adverbial.

1. I was frightened by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.

 

 

Frightenedby the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.

2. He was hit by the lack of fresh air. He got a bad headache.

 

 

Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.

3.I felt very tired after the long journey. I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.

 

 

Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.

4. The museum was built in 1910. The museum is almost 100 years old.

Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.

5. The little girl was frightened by the noise outside. The little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.

 

 

Frightenedby the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.

6. The student was given some advice by the famous scientist. The student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.

 

 

Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.

 

 

Ex.2. Combine these two sentences using the past participate as the attribute.

1. Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer. He is called Li Qiang.

 

 

Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang.

2. I am going to buy a painting. It is copied from Vincent van Gogh.

 

 

I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.

3. The castle is under repair.  It was built in 1432

 

 

The castle built in 1432 is under repair.

4. I like that old private house. It is built of wood and mud.

 

 

I like that old private house built of wood and mud.

5. The vehicle is mentioned in the book. The vehicle is unknown to me.

 

 

The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me.

6. The room is completely empty. The room is connected to the rest of the house by a long passage.

 

 

The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty.

7. The queen was sitting in a royal carriage. The carriage was drawn b four horses.

 

 

The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses.

 

二、过去分词作状语的用法

过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语：

分类	说明	举例
时间状语	可用于时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连 词“when，while，until” 等，使其时间意义更明确	1）Seen from the hill，the park looks very beautiful. =When it is seen from the hill，the parks are very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽 2）Don’t speak until spoken to. =Don’t speak until you are spoken to. 当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话
原因状语	可用于原因状语从句或并列结构	Touched by his teacher’s words，the boy cried. =The boy was touched by his teacher’s words,so he cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了
条件状语	可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句	Given more time，we could do it much better. （=If we were given more time，we could do it much better.） 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好
让步状语	有时可加although，though，even if，even though，whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句	Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. =Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活
方式伴 随状语	加and可转换成并列结构从句	The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students. =The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生

 

 

【典型例题】

1．Most of the artists ____________ to the party were from South Africa． 

A．invited B．to invite  C．being invited  D．had been invited 

 

 

 

【解析】选A。句中的most of the artists与invited之间是被动关系，故应选用过去分词，相当于who were invited。

2．The computer centre，____________ last year，is very popular among the students in this school．

A．open  B．opening  C．having opened  D．opened 

 

 

【解析析】选D。根据句中的last year可知，the computer centre去年就开业了，表示完成的动作；而且open与the computer centre又存在被动关系，句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎。

3．The research is so designed that once ____________ nothing can be done to change it．

  A．begins  B．having begun   C．beginning   D．begun 

 

 

【解析】选D。once begun在句中作条件状语，它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式，句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好，以致于一旦开始，什么也无法改变它   

4．Generally speaking, ______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

 A. when taking  B. when taken  C. when to take  D. when to be taken

 

 

【解析】选B。完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when

 

 

高考真题链接

1. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities            space.

A. in search of            B. in place of            C. for lack of          D. for fear of

 

 

 

【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。

2.    The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box  “ This Side Up”

A. carried   B. delivered     C. pressed   D. packed

 

 

【解析】选D。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。考查词义辨析。Carry“搬运”，deliver“递送”，press“按，压”，pack“打包”。

3. A great number of students                said they were forced to practise the piano.    

A. to question       B. to be questioned  

C. questioned        D. questioning

 

 

 

【解析】选C。考查过去分词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。

4. We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all         .

A. given away                B. kept away

C. taken up                  D. used up

 

 

 

【解析】选C。本题考察动词短语的区别.give away泄露,捐赠. keep away,控制在外. take up占据.use up用光,用尽.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Step2 Consolidation

非谓语动词练习

1. ___     and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising    B. Surprised   C. Being surprised     D. To be surprising 

B 

 2.No matter how frequently _______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

    A. performed     B. performing   

C. to be performed    D. being performed 

A

3._________ and I’ll get the work finished. 

A. Have one more hour       

B. One more hour

C. Give one more hour       

D. If I have one more hour 

C 

4. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _____.

A. to spend      B. spent       

C. being spent     D. spending

B. 

 5. _____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

     A. To face    B. Having faced   

C. Faced    D. Facing

C.

6.When       her father, the girl burst into crying. 

    A. asking of       B. asked about   

C. being asked     D. asked  

B 

7. The man kept silent in the room unless       .

A.     spoken   B. speaking  

C. to speak  D. spoken to

D 

8. ________, the old man is living a happy life.

A. taking good care           

B. taken good care

C. having taken good care      

D. taken good care of

D 

9.The Olympic Games,       in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 

    A. first playing       B. to be first played

C. to be first playing   D. first played

D  

 10.       from his clothes, he is not so poor.

A. Judged       B. Judging   

C. To judge      D. Having judged

B

11.European football is played in 80 countries,       it the most popular sport in the world. 

A.    making  B. makes  

C. made         D. to make

A 

12.The secretary worked late into the night,       a long speech for the president.

A.to prepare     B. preparing   

C. prepared    D. was preparing    

B 

13.       a reply, he decided to write again.

    A. Not receiving        B. Receiving not

C. Not having received   D. Having not received

C 

14.The houses       are for the old people and the construction work will start soon. 

A.    built      B. to be built     

C. to build      D. being built

B 

15.If       ill, I’ll stay home       a good rest.   

A. to fall, taking     B. fall; to taking

C. falling; taking     D. falling; take

C