正东方教育

初二上英语Unit 5 Educational exchanges

（广州最新版教材）

语法：现在完成时(The present perfect)

 

 

 

一、用法：

1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

   She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）

2. 表示过去发生的某个动作一直持续到现在，还有可能继续延续下去。

We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。）

   I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

二、结构：

1. 肯定句：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其它

例句：I have finished my homework.

注意：have与has如何选择？

规律：I/ You/ We/ They have = I’ve/ You’ve/ We’ve/ They’ve

He/She/ It has = He’s /She’s/ It’s (第三人称单数用has，其余全用have)

2.    否定句：主语++ have/ has +not+ 动词的过去分词 +其它。have/has与not

的缩写形式分别为haven’t 和hasn’t.

例句：My father hasn’t come back yet.

3.    一般疑问句: Have/ Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 其它…？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has.

否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.

例句: ---Have you ever read this book?

     ---Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

4.    特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have/has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+ 其它…?

例句：Where have you gone today?

三、现在完成时的主要句型：

1. 现在完成时 + for +一段时间

He has learned/learnt English for nearly three years. 他学习英语将近三年了。

2. 现在完成时+since +一段时间+ ago

He has lived here since two years ago. 他自从两年前住在这里。

3. 现在完成时+ since + 时间点

I have worked in the factory since 2002.

4. 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时

We have lived in Shenzhen since I was born.  我自从出生以来，就住在深圳。

5. It is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时

It is two years since he died. = He died two years ago. = He has been dead for two years. 他死了两年了。

四、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：

1. already, yet, still, never, ever, just, before…

2. for + 一段时间，since + 具体时间

3. recently, lately, so far…

4. in the past two years…

五、现在完成时由短暂性动词变成延续性动词：

1. 短暂性动词：也称非延续性动词或瞬间动词，表示动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就结束的动作。

常见的短暂性动词有：come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, become, borrow, get up, marry …

2. 常见的延续性动词有：live, study, read, wash, do, write, sing, dacne, wait, sleep, learn，stay…

3. 必背的短暂性动词变成延续性动词：

1）die --- have/has been dead         2）buy—have/ has had

3）borrow --- have/ has kept          4）begin --- have/has been on

5）open --- have/ has been open       6）close --- have/ has been close

7）leave--- have/ has been away from   8）come here --- have/has been here

9）move to --- have/ has lived in       10）go to --- have/ has been in

11）join --- have/ has been in = have/has been a member of

12）marry sb/ got married to sb --- have/ has been married to sb

13）finish --- have/ has been over

六、注意事项：

1、规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样的, 如：live的过去式是lived, 过去分词是lived。但是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是不一样，需要我们分开去记忆。如：go的过去式是went，过去分词是gone。

规律：“不规则动词基本可以分为四类：A-A-A; A-B-A; A-B-B; A-B-C. 

2、have /has been to 表示“曾经去过…”(已去过或参观过某地了)

 have/has gone to 表示“已去…了”（表示在路上或者已到达）

 

现在完成时和一般过去式的区别:

时态	现在完成时	一般过去式
定义	现在完成时用来表示动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果	一般过去时只是陈述过去的事实，不考虑与现在的关系。
时间 状语	for, since, ever, never, yet, before, recently, already...	yesterday, last week, last year, one year ago, in 1990, just now…
动词	现在完成时的谓语动词一般是延续性动词，如: stay，live，be，teach，work，study，如果谓语是瞬间动词，则用其否定式。	一般过去时既可和瞬间动词连用，如: come, go, begin, start, finish, become, 也可和延续性动词连用，如：keep, have, know。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

【随堂练习】

一、用since或for填空。

① ________last year       ________ five years

②________ one year       ________ 2012

③________April         ________ two weeks

二、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。

① take _________ __________    say_________ __________

② think_________ __________    go_________ __________

③ do_________ __________      be_________ __________

④ eat_________ __________     write_________ __________

⑤ speak_________ __________   fly_________ __________

⑥ type_________ __________    get_________ __________

⑦ die_________ __________     come_________ __________

三、根据现在完成时填空。

1. I _________already_________ (see) the film.

2. ---_________he _________ (finish) his work today?

  ---Not yet.

3. ---________you __________ (be) to Hong Kong?

---Yes, I _____________ (be) there twice.

4. My father __________just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

5. ---Where is Li Ming?

---He ____________ (go) to the teachers’ office.

6. So far I ___________ (make) quite a few friends here.

7. ---How long ___________the Wangs __________ (stay) here?

---For two weeks.

四、单选题。

1. --- I've got the final Harry Potter book.

  --- You will love it. I ________ it twice already.

A. am reading    B. have read   C. was reading      D. will read

2. ---Who will teach ______ oral English next term? Can it be a new teacher?       --- Perhaps. But our head teacher hasn't told us ______.

A. your; already      B. you; yet          C. you; already      D. your; yet

3. Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.

A. does             B. did              C. has done         D. will do

4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980.

A. writes            B. wrote            C. has written       D. will write

5. They _______ China for two years.

A. have been to       B. have been in      C. have gone to      D. have come to

6. --- ______ you ever ______ this song?

  --- Yes, I have. It is very wonderful.

A. Did; hear          B. Do; hear         C. Have; hear       D. Have; heard

7. --- Doctor, I caught a bad cold, and I have a sore throat now.

  --- How long _____ like this

A. did you           B. will be you        C. have you been    D. have you gone

8. --- How clean the bedroom is!  

--- Yes. I think someone must _____ it.  

A. cleans            B. cleaned           C. have cleaned      D. has cleaned

9. --- Have you had your breakfast, Nick?

 --- Yes, I have had it _____.

A. yet              B. ever               C. never            D. already

10. Mike _______ the USA. He ________ back in two months.

A. has gone to; comes                B. has gone to; will be

C. have been to; comes               D. have been to; will be

11. Her father ______in 1990 and her husband ______ for more than five years.

A. died; dead                       B. has died; dead   

C. died; has been dead                D. has died; has died

12. --- Do you know him well?

   --- Of course. We ___________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were             B. have been         C. are             D. had been

13. --- Our country _________ a lot so far.

   --- Yes. I hope it will be even _________.

A. has changed; better             B. changed; good

C. has changed; good             D. changed; better

五、情景对话。

A．根据对话内容，从方框中的六个选项中选出五个合适的选项补全对话。

A. join    B. apply     C. late    D. agree      E. information     F. from

A: Good morning! This is Exchange Students Center.

B: Good morning, Sir. May I have some (1) ______ about the student exchange program?

A: Of course. How old are you, please?

B: I'm 17 years old. I'm interested in France. Can I (2) _______the student exchange?

A: Yes, you can if you are a good student. How about your attendance record?

B: I've never been (3) _________ for school.

A: Good! You can (4) _________ for the student exchange program, but you must have a reference (5) ______ your head teacher.

B: Oh, I See. Thank you very much.

B．从方框中的七个选项中选出五个合适的句子补全对话。

A. I wish I could also have a chance next year. B. The passport, the visa and some other things. C. No, I haven't. D. When are you leaving? E. Why don't you set off now? F. Does it cost you a lot to be an exchange student? G. You look happy all day.

A: Hey, Tom. (6) _________ Any good news?

B: I'll go to Britain as an exchange student.

A: Congratulations! (7) _________

B: Next month. Now I have to get everything ready.

A: What do you need to prepare?

B: (8) _________

A: Don’t forget to get enough pounds ready.

B: You're right. I have prepared enough.   

A: (9) _________  

B: No. most is paid by Educational Bureau.

A: That's great. (10) _________

六、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. I'm glad_________ (be) a guest in your home.

2. My parents need to go to work on ______ (weekday).

3. I plan_________ (go) swimming with Tom this evening.

4. She learned _________ (speak) when she was two years old.

5. She is a famous writer and people think her work is great _________ (successful).

6. Our English teacher asked us to spent more time __________ (learn) English.

7. The French man is very interested in_________ (Britain) culture.

8. It was dark, but she kept_________ (work) in her office.

9. I think this film is very interesting and______ (education).

10. Let me _________ (introduction) my best friend Kate to you.