正东方教育

初二上英语Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

（广州最新版教材）

课文知识点解析

 

 

 

课文详解：

Getting reading

1. Is my encyclopaedia useful, Lo? Lo, 我的百科全书有用吗？

    useful adj. “有用的，有益的，有帮助的”。useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词，常在句中充当表语或定语。

This dictionary is very useful to us.  这本词典对我们很有用。

This is a useful book for English beginners. 这是一本对英语初学者有帮助的书。

拓展：

(1)useful前使用不定冠词a, 因为它的发音是以辅音音素开头。

(2)以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。

useful (有用的) – useless（无用的）   

careful（细心的）    – careless（粗心的）

helpful （有帮助的– helpless（徒劳的）

 

Reading

1. Look it up! 查阅一下！

Look up 意为“查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。

We can look up new words in dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。

拓展：

1. look up 仰视；向上看

He looked up from his book as I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。

2. look的相关短语：      

  look around 向周围看              

 look out 向外看；当心   

look like 看起来像       

look the same 看起来相同          

look forward to盼望

 

This morning I         some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.

A. picked up    B. looked up   

C. cleaned up    D. gave up

 

3. Da Vinci was born in the countryside.

be born意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。接地点名词时用介词in，接时间名词时用介词on或in（具体到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。

Li Ming was born in England on May 8^th, 1995.

Where were you born?

 

4. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous paintings in the world.

1famous adj. 著名的，相当于well-know，可以做表语和定语。

She is famous sports star in the world.

2. 辨析： be famous for 与be famous as

 

 

 

5. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. 随着年龄的增长，他学会了很多不同的事情。

  ●as在本句中意为“当……时候；随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于七下unit8语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as 引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边……一边……”之意。如：

The boy sang as he walked to school. 这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去.

 

 

 

 

For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines wanted to find.

例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片.

 ●for example 意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.

 A lot of European countries are worth visiting, For example, I have been to the UK, France and Switzerland. 很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英国、法国和瑞士。

●for example在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如：

You should visit Hangzhou. Lingyin Temple, for example, is very famous. 你应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。

 

 

include及物动词，包含，包括

The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.

The children include twenty girls.

 

拓展

including prep. 包括，包含在内

Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.

 

drawing 可数名词，图画；素描图

辨析：drawing, picture 与painting

 

6. Dinosaurs lived on the Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年

  ●more than意为“多于；超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如：

   It will take me more than/ over 2 hours to get to school. 我将要花费2个多小时去学校。

   They have more than a car. 他们有不止一辆汽车。

●more than的反义词 less than意为“少于”。

 

拓展:

no more than ( = only) 仅仅；不过 not more than 不多于；不超过

 

2. million “百万”，与具体的数字连用是，不加-s，后面直接接复数名词。

固定短语 millions of 。。。 “数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。

hundred, thousand和million的用法相同。

Millions of people help them in different ways.

There are about two thousand students in this school.

He wrote hundreds of songs.

 

助记：

hundred, thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。清时无-s和of，糊时-s和of跟。

 

题：

Football is so exciting that        of people in the world play it.

A. millions of       B. million of   

 C. two millions of

 

7. They lived everywhere on Earth.

everywhere adv. 到处(=here and there)

I looked for my dog everywhere, but I couldn’t find it.

辨析：everywhere, nowhere, anywhere 与somewhere

everywhere	到处	用于肯定句
nowhere	没有一处	表示否定的含义
anywhere	任何地方	多用于否定句和疑问句
somewhere	某个地方	用于肯定句

 

8. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. 有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。

 ●as…as “与……一样……”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“（A与B）一样……”

如：

  Amy is as tall as her sister. 埃米和她姐姐一样高

This tree is as tall as that one.

 

拓展：

比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“A不如B……“

Our school is not so big as yours.

 

--- English isn’t as      as Chinese.

--- Maybe, perhaps it’s just because Chinese is your native language.

A. easy    B. easily    C. easier    D. easiest                 2013 甘肃白银

 

 

 

Then, suddenly, they all died out. 后来它们突然全部灭绝了。

  ●died out 意为“灭绝，消失”如：How did dinosaurs die out? 恐龙是如何灭绝的。  

 

 

9. Some could even fly.

10. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.

11. Nobody knows why.

12. comes out of his/her mother/s body

out of 从……出来，在……外

Fish can’t live out of water.

The workers are coming out of the meeting room.

look out of      从……向外看                 rush out of       从……冲出来

take out of       从……取出来                 jump out of     从……跳出来

 

13. outside prep.在……外面, 反义词：inside

Let’s play games outside the house.

There are no students inside the classroom.

adv. 在外面。

Let’s paint the house green outside.

It’s raining outside. Let’s stay inside and watch TV!

 

14. at the end of ... 在……的末尾，在……的尽头，既可指地点，也可指时间。

in the end 最终，最后，终于，其后不接of短语。

 

15. Person

Person     指个别人，其复数指具体的数量对于1的人

Six persons were injured in the car accident.

People     集合名词，通常为复数，泛指“人，人们”，一般不指具体的人

Some people may not support us.

Man         除指“男人”外，还泛指一般的人

Any man with eyes can see it.

 

16. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.

“used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。

I used to read English in the evening. But now I usually read it in the morning.

I used to go to that primary school.

 

翻译句子

过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。

We                        , but now we write e-mails.                  2013辽宁中考

 

17. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.

help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。

He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.

拓展：

1help oneself to ...随便吃些……

Help yourselves to some fish, children.

2can’t help doing... 禁不住做……

She can’t help laughing.

 

18. I was a student just like you.

just like “正如，正像”, like prep. 像，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

Everyone would like a clean classroom, just like home.

 

19. Perhaps you will do something important pr even become famous one day.

something important “重要的事”。 形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。

 

My host family tried to cook            for me when I studied in New Zealand.  

A. different something    B. different anything         C. something different    D. anything different

 

20. Just remember to think and to dream.

remember vt.记住

辨析：remember to do sth. 与remember doing sth.

remember to do sth.                 记得去做某事（此事还未做）             Please remember to close the light.

remember doing sth.       记得已做过某事（此事已做完）        I remember closing the light.

 

21. Some were small; others were huge.

some ... others ... 一些……另一些……

others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。

There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.

 

拓展：

some ... the others ... 一些……其余的……， the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。

There are some children on the beach. Some can swim but the others can’t.

 

22. How ling did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?

how long “多长时间”, 用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。

How long did you stay?

How long is the river?

 

 ---           do you watch TV every week?

--- Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.

A. How many    B. How much    C. How long    D. How often

 

Listening

1. Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.

win vt. 赢得，获胜，后接的宾语一般是比赛、辩论或格斗等名词。win也可作不及物动词。

Who won the men’s 400 meters race?

We must win today.

拓展：

beat “击败，打败，胜过”，后接的冰雨是参加比赛的人、团体等。

Li Lei beat Jim and won the first prize.

(安徽中考)

--- Our team         the match. We’ve got the first place!

--- Well done! Congratulations!

A. hit    B. beat    C. won    D. watched

 

2. She can find out about many ... 她能弄清许多关于……

find out 意为“了解（到）；弄清；发现”。

I will try to find out who broke the machine.

Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.

辨析： find out, find与look for

find out	查明，找出	指通过观察、探索等努力才查明结果
find	发现，找到	强调结果
look for	寻找	强调动作

 

一言辨异： 

I lost my pen. I have looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it. Could you help me find out who has found it? 我的钢笔丢了。我已经到处找了，但没找到。你能帮我查查谁发现他了吗？

 

 

--- Steven, could you help me         when the plane will take off on the Internet?

        --- I’m sorry, my computer doesn’t work.

A. get on     B. find out    C. look for     D. look after

 

随堂练习

I. Complete the sentences with proper words.

1. As a (n)           , he works very hard every day to do a lot of experiments to learn about the life of many plants.

2. Many people say that Bell was the       of the first telephone, but some people don’t think so.

3. Do you know about World War I and World II? If not, please look them up in that             .

4. Mr. Li’s parrot can imitate       voice. It can repeat what you have said.

5. Success not only depends on your         but also on your hard work.               

6. Remember, when you meet a new word, write it down in your          and ask your teacher or friend later for help.

7. No other people have more        than Thomas Edison.

8. He went past me without        looking at me.

9. He looked angry.              he misunderstood my words.

10. The boss asked me several questions. They      “Why do you want to come to my company?”

 

II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Change their forms if necessary. Use each phrase once only.

 

in the countryside      human being     die out          learn about from an early age       be born        more than        for example

1. From yesterday’s lecture, Amy                 some ways to improve her spoken English.

2. I am a fan of Apple products and I have already spent                 100,000 yuan on iPhones.

3. If you like shopping, you should go to Europe.                   ,Paris is shopping paradise for you.

4.                      , her parents read stories to her every night.

5. I prefer to live               because the air is fresh and it is not very noisy there.

6. Before Sandy                , his dad died of an accident.

7. Before           can change their behavior, they have to change their ways of thinking.

8. Many experts are worried that some dialects will                  just like dinosaurs one day.