when引导时间状语从句,以及和as,while区别(详解)
(2014-06-21 20:38:56)分类: 各类从句 |
说到when引导的时间状语从句,不得不提起as和while
when, while 和 as
引导时间状语从句的用法
这三个词的意思很简单,都有“当……时候”的意思。但学生经常会问三个词的区别在哪儿,特别是在做选择题的时候。
when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。
Why
do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one
already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
The students took notes as they
listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。
一、如果只从现象来看,when
引导的时间状语从句用的最多的是一般过去时,主句也是用过去的某种时态
When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?
Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。
I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。
I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
注意when时间从句使用其他时态的情况,考试中的常考点:
1、表示客观真理时,主从句用一般现在时。这主要体现在含有when的从句
如:The water turns into ice when it is under zero degree centigrade. 在零度以下,水结成冰。
2、表示将有发生的动作,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
如:I will tell you as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就会告诉你。
You
shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。
When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with
him about this. 下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
I will call you as soon as i arrive.
3、表示过去发生的动作,而两个动作是表示递进关系,即两动作没有太明显是先后发生的,主从句用一般过去时:如:
When he arrived home, he took out the key and opened the door. 当他到家后,他拿出钥匙开门。
4、表示过去发生的动作,两动作明显的先后发生的,则,最先发生的用过去完成时,表示过去的过去。后发生的用一般过去时。
如:I had had dinner when my father came back. 我爸爸回来时,我已吃过晚饭了。
When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
5、表示过去发生的动作,其中一个动作是现在发生,则一句用一般过去时,另一句要用过去进行时。(主从句都可用这两种时态)
如: I was watching TV when my mother came back. 我妈妈回来时,我现在看电视。
The telephone rang when we were having lunch. 当我们在吃午餐时,电话铃响了。
二.
while 的用法
相比于when 来说,while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while
从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当while 事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何。所以,while
从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching
TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a
plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看,while 表示的是一段时间,是一个过程。这是while
的侧重点。因此,如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候,就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。
这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成 when
意思就变了,相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
再例:
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some
stamps?
三、as
的用法
1)as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是,as
从句用的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。例如:
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her
cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.
我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.
当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。
6.As years go by,China is getting stronger and
richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
2)as 表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while 从句有强调 while
动作本身的意思。因此,as 常常翻译成“随着……”之意。
例如:
1. As the time went on,the weather got worse.
随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height
increases.
随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
4)少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生,as
从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was
crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时,雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed.
我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。
四、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short
rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got
to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。
1)When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came
in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。
2)When /While /As she was making a phone call,I was writing a
letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。
3). While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
五、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had
sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the
door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked
at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone
rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone
rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了
六.
比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up
to me.
我刹车后,有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。
例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
干完活后,你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when 或while。
例如: As the day went on, the weather got
worse. 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。