北师大版高中英语选修7 Unit19 Language Awareness：

非人称转述结构

一、定义

    转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，我们可以用It + 动词 (如：say, know, believe, claim, suppose, think, fear, predict)被动式结构，此种结构被称为“非人称转述结构(Impersonal Report Structure)。

二、用法

   It is said that dolphins are very friendly animals.据说海豚是非常友好的动物。

   It is reported that the plane was hijacked.据报道飞机被劫持了。

上述结构也可转换为另外一种结构，可以把有关的人和事放在句首：subject + the passive + infinitive。

1、如果转述的动作或状态发生于转述的同一时间或还未发生，不定式用一般时。

   Dolphins are said to be very friendly animals. 据说海豚是非常友好的动物。

   They were feared to give up.他们恐怕会放弃。

2、如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，不定式用完成时。

   The plane is reported to have been hijacked. 据报道飞机被劫持了。

3、如果转述的动作正在发生，不定式用进行时。

    He is said to be studying abroad now.据说他现在正在国外学习。

注意：若主句谓语是suggest, order等单词，从句需用(should) do形式。

      It has been suggested that measures (should) be taken at once.

      人们已经建议必须立即采取措施。

三、练习

A  1. It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

      A. said       B. to say     C. saying     D. being said  (09全国2)

A  2. The message is very important, so it is supposed _____ as soon as possible.

      A. to be sent      B. to send      C. being sent      D. sending  (08陕西)

C  3. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

      A. causing      B. being caused     C. to be caused       D. be have caused  (04上海)

B  4. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

      A. is said to be buying             B. is said to have bought

      C. had said to buy                 D. has said to have bought  (07重庆)

A  5. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.

C     Robert is said_______ abroad, but I don't know what country he studies in.

     A. to have studied     B. to study   C．to be studying     D．to have been studying  (99全国)

A  6. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

      A. have been missing    B. have got lost   C. be missing   D. get lost  (06山东)

D  7. It is said that the early European playing-cards ___ for entertainment and education.

      A. were being designed   B. have designed   C. have been designed  D. were designed

C  8. It was ordered that all the soldiers ___ to the front.

      A. should send   B. must be sent   C. be sent   D. must go