哈他瑜伽六种清洁法 Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga

在瑜伽中清洁法是净化的过程，帮助人的身体去除毒素，因此净化神经系统。在梵文中，Kriya的意思是“行动，行为，努力”。按照传统瑜伽体系，这些清洁法有六种，包括涅悌法（Neti）, 道悌法（Dhauti）, 巴斯悌法 （Basti）, 瑙力法（Nauli）, 商卡（Shanka-prakshalan）, 卡帕尔·巴悌法（Kapalbhati）和特拉塔卡法（Trataka）。为了净化过程，瑜伽学生可以安全练习这六种方法。

大多数人通常都为了漂亮清洁他们的外表，但瑜伽认为，外部的清洁与内部的清洁如身体，心理和灵魂是相互依存的，瑜伽卫生或清洁的六个方法，包括去除疾病，净化身体的外在和内在器官；维护身体高效能，通过健康，自体免疫，长寿；心理的，道德的，精神的升华。清洁法通常是指在瑜伽领域的一项技能或是习练，也是唤醒昆达里尼能量在身体上的体现。不同的瑜伽学校，这些清洁法之间可能会有较大的差异。

清洁法练习是传统哈他瑜伽的一个组成部分。一些清洁法最终发展成为哈他瑜伽体式，并会作为必要条件被提到。人们相信，这些练习清洁身体，使身体准备好做各种哈他瑜伽体式的练习。通常人们解释这个概念，就像是在装修房子前，先对房子做一个全面的清扫。因为首先要做清洁，所有可见清洁法的重要性。

清洁能量是“一种思维的力量”被瑜伽修行者研究了很长的时代。在专门的清洁法习练中，瑜伽修炼者们对于清洁法瑜伽具有浓厚的兴趣。瑜伽清洁法或清洁习练也被称作六个行动。清洁法练习是很难的，有时甚至令人恶心，觉得怪异，并不像大多数瑜伽体式那么容易。瑜伽大师们通常练习清洁法，学生在初级阶段很少练习。教这些练习也需要较广泛的知识，因为一旦出错，有伤害学生的风险。一个人如果练习清洁法不当，也容易伤到自己。

瑜伽清洁法的解释：

1) 道悌法是第一个也是最难的一个清洁法。它包括吞食一条长的平纹布让自己反胃。规定这种方法在患严重胃病，像癌症时才使用。巴斯悌法的目的是清洁口腔，喉咙和胃。

2) 巴斯悌法是灌肠剂或结肠冲洗法的古代改版，现在使用的是委婉地称法。它包括把水吸到肠子的较低的部位，通过肛门排出。这个目的是清洁结肠较低的部位直到括约肌。

3) 涅悌法，包括清洗鼻通道和喉咙。可以用水壶，水是灌进鼻孔，让它自动地通过另一个鼻孔流出。这个方法是佛经涅悌法的一个变形，在那里是一根很细的线穿进鼻孔的一端，然后通过喉咙从嘴里拔出来。另一种涅悌法法是用牛奶或酥油进行的。涅悌法是清洁呼吸通道，作为练习呼吸控制法的一个前提条件。

http://s13/middle/8daf9438taeaaa3111cec&690Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga" TITLE="哈他瑜伽六种清洁法 Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga" />

4) 特拉塔卡法是清洁和增强眼睛的功能。眼睛通常关注一个小的东西或者在黑屋子里的灯的火焰，不眨眼，直到眼睛开始流泪时为止。这个方法的高级变形包括坚持凝视一幅神像，或者在心里眼中想象神像。

http://s7/middle/8daf9438taeaa7c1c4766&690Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga" TITLE="哈他瑜伽六种清洁法 Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga" />

5) 瑙力法，在该法中，直肠-腹部左右搅拌。瑙力法也被认为是充满生命力的瑜伽体式，能治疗腹部问题和其他疾病。

有的分类法将“瑙力法”视作收束法和契合法，不列入“六种清洁法”之一，而是增补另一种新的洁净功法（商卡--普拉刹拉那洁肠法）组成其“六种清洁法”。

商卡是另一种高级清洁法，清洁整个消化道。包括驱动一杯一杯的微温的盐水从肛门排出，排出的水清得就像是瑜伽习练者喝进去的水一样。在这个阶段，这个人整个的胃和肠道得到完全清洁。

6）卡帕尔·巴悌法也一种清洁法，清洁呼吸系统，特别是肺部。这一过程包括重复地用力吸气和呼气。肺的工作就像铁匠发出的吼叫声。身体保持在不同的位置以达到不同的效果。

练习完清洁法后，个人通常最大限度地让压力排出，第二天，瑜伽习练者应该用特别的饮食，他/她应该食用印度式早餐，由米饭，小豆和酥油做成。这种润滑的食物代替体内器官被盐水溶液洗掉了的自然润滑。清洁法应该在专家级教师的指导下在掌握了整个过程后进行。

Six Kriyas in Hatha Yoga

Kriyas in Yoga are purifying processes, which help to free the human body from toxins and, thus, decontaminate the nervous system. In Sanskrit, the word Kriya means “action, deed, effort”. These kriyas are six in number according to traditional Yoga system. The Kriyas include Neti, Dhauti, Basti, Nauli, Shanka-prakshalan, Kapalbhati and Trataka. For purification process, a student of Yoga can safely practice any of these methods six.

Most people usually clean themselves externally to look best, but Yoga believes in external as well as internal cleaning, as the body, mind and soul are reliant on each other, Six fold purposes of Yoga Hygiene or Kriyas include removal of diseases, purification of the external and the internal organs of the body; maintenance of highest physical efficiency; through good health; auto-immunization; longevity; mental, moral, and spiritual sublimation. Kriya usually refers to a technique or practice within a yoga discipline and also the outward physical manifestations of awakened kundalini. They are the impulsive movements resulting from the awakening of Kundalini energy. Types of kriya may widely vary between different schools of yoga.

It cannot be forgotten that the Kriya practices are a part of traditional Hatha Yoga. Certain kriyas eventually developed into the asanas of Hatha yoga and are mentioned as pre-requisites. It is believed that these practices cleanse the body and prepare it for the various postures of Hatha Yoga. The concept is often explained by giving the common cleaning up the house first before redecorating it. Cleanliness comes first and hence the importance of kriyas.

Kriya Shakti is “a power of thought” and has been greatly studied by yogis since ages. Among the specific Kriya practices, Kriya Yoga has found profound interest amongst the yogis. The yogic kriyas or cleansing practices are also called shat-karma (six-actions).The practices of Kriya are quite difficult, sometimes revolting, strange and are not as easy as most yoga postures are. The Yoga gurus usually practice Kriyas and the students seldom perperform these during the initial stage. Teaching these practices also requires great knowledge, since there is the risk of harming the student if something goes wrong. A person can hurt himself by practicing improper Kriya.

The Yogic Kriyas are explained as follows

a) Dhauti is the first and most difficult kriya. It involves swallowing and re- gurgitating a fine piece of muslin cloth. It is prescribed only in case of serious ailments of the stomach like cancer. Dhauti Kriya is aimed at cleaning the mouth, throat and stomach.

b) Basti is the ancient adaptation of enemas or colonic irrigation as it is now euphemistically called. It involves drawing water into the lower intestine through the anus and then expelling it. This aims to cleanse the lower part of the colon up to the sphincter.

c) Nedi is the practice where one involves cleaning up the nasal passages as well as the throat. It can be done with water pot (jala-neti), where water is poured into one nostril and it automatically comes out through the other. This method is a variation of Sutra-neti, where a fine thread is taken inside one nostrial and then pulled out of the mouth through the throat. Other kinds of netis are also done with milk (dugdha-neti) or ghee (ghritha-neti). Neti is a precondition for cleaning up the respiratory passages for the proper practice of Pranayama.

d)  Tratak kriya is for cleansing and strengthening the eyes. The eyes are focuses usually on a small object or the flame of the lamp in a dark room, without blinking, until they start watering. Advanced variations involve gazing firmly at portrait of God or even imagining it in the mind’s eyes.

e)  In case of Naudi Kriya, the rectus-abodominii (abdominal column) is churned left and right. Nauli is also considered as a vital Yoga asana that cures abdominal problems and other ailments.

Some people doesn’t put Naudi Kriya as one of the six kriyas, and add another new type有的of Kriya Shanka-prakshalan as one of the six kriyass.

Shanka-prakshalan is another advanced kriya that cleans out the entire digestive tract. It involves driving glass after glass of lukewarm salt water expelled from the anus is as clear as the water the Yogi is drinking. At this stage, the person’s entire gastro-inenstinal tract has been fully cleaned.

f)  Kappalbhati is also a kind of Kriya that cleanses the respiratory system, especially the lungs. This process involves forceful breathing in and out repeatedly. The lungs work like the bellows of a blacksmith. The body is kept in different positions for diverse effects.

After the practice of Kriyas, the individual usually gets extremely stressed out. The following day, the Yogi should consume a special diet, where he/she should only have “khichdi” consisting of boiled rice, lentils (dal) and ghee. This lubricating food replaces the natural lubrication of the internal organs. Which has been washed out by the saline solution. Kriyas should be learned under the personal supervision of an expert teacher and practiced only after mastering the process.

（By Weyoga Ashish）