汉语语法—“到达”和“达到”的差别

Chinese grammar--The difference between 到达 and 达到

（动词）

“到达”、“达到”都有“到”的意思，但是它们在使用上几乎不能换用。

(verb)

Both “到达” and “达到” mean “to arrive”, but they are almost un exchangeable in use.

一、意义不同，搭配对象、适用范围也不同。

Differences in meanings require different collocation of targets and scope of appicaton.

 “到达”是指“到了某一点或某一阶段”，强调“进入到”的意思，所以后边多接具体的场所意义、某一阶段意义的词语。“达到”除有“到”的意义外，还有“实现”的意义，主要用于表示到了某周目标或某种程度，所以它后边多接抽象意义的词语或多用于抽象的事物。例如：

“到达” refers to getting to certain point or certain period, emphasizing on “进入到(getting into)”, therefore, there are words and phrases of specific place or a certain period followed. Besides the meaning of arriving, “达到” also has the meaning of realizing, it mainly indicates to reach some goal or a certain degree, so words of abstract meaning are used after it is used for abstract objects. For example:

到达上海

到达了美好的境界

达到国际水平

达到一定程度

气氛达到了高潮

*达到上海

*气氛到达了高潮

二、结构上的差异

    Differences in structure

    1、“达到”后边可以接数量补语；“到达”一般不能接。例如：

“达到” can be followed by complement of quantity, and “到达” can’t. Example:

达到过一次目标

这种水平我也达到过一回

*到达过好几次这里

2、构词方式不同：“到达”是联合式合成词，中间不能插入别的词；“达到”是补充式合成词，中间可以插入别的词。例如：

The way of construction is different, “到达” is a combined compound word and no other words can be put in the middle. “到达”is啊complementary compound word, and can have other word put in between. For example:

达不到目的，决不罢休。

达不到标准不行。

*到不达长城顶端，决不罢休。

*到不达标准不行。