汉语语法—主谓词组

Chinese grammar—The Subject-Predicate Phrase

一、主谓词组的定义。

    Definition

按照陈述和被陈述的关系组合起来的一组词，叫主谓词组。例如：

A subject-predicate (S-P) phrase is one in which the constituents are combined in the S-P relation. For example:

头发长（“头发”是“主”，“长”是“谓”）

      (头发is the subject and 长the predicate.)

他描写（“他”是“主”，“描写”是“谓”）

       (他is the subject and 描写the predicate.)

二、主谓词组的语法特点、

    Grammatical features

（一）主谓词组的词序是固定的，前边是“主”，后边是“谓”。

       The order of the two constituents is fixed with the subject prededing the predicate.

 （二）前边是“主”，是被陈述的对象，经常由名词、代词充当；后边的是“谓”，是陈述“主”的，常由动词、形容词充当。例如：

      The first constituent of a S-P phrase is usually a noun or pronoun serving as a topic or the subject, and the second one, usually a verb or an adjective, is the predicate describing the subject. For example:

      我看    （“我”的代词，是“主”；“看”是动词，是“谓”）

               (The pronoun 我is the subject and 看，a verb, the predicate.)

      目的明确 （“目的”是名词，是“主”；“明确”是形容词，是“谓”）

               (The noun 目的is the subject and 明确，an adjective, the predicate.)

 （三）两个词之间不用任何虚词连接。

       No function word whatsoever is used between he two constituents.

 （四）主谓词组的重音一般在后一个词上。

       The second constituent is normally stressed in pronunciation.