汉语语法—助词的定义和种类

Chinese grammar—Definition and types of particles

附在词、词组或句子后边，表示各种附加意义、语法关系或语气的词叫助词。助词可以分成三类。

A word which is added to another word, a phrase or a sentence to indicate various supplementary meanings, grammatical relations or mood is called a particle. The particles can be divided into three kinds.

（一）结构助词

The structural particles

附在词或词组后边表示语法关系的助词叫结构助词。最常用的结构助词有：

Particles added to words or phrases to indicate grammatical relations are called structural particles. The most important structural particles are:

的    地    得

（二）动态助词

The aspectual particles

附在动词后边表示附加意义的助词叫动态助词。动态助词有：

Particles added to verbs to indicate a supplementary meaning are called aspectual particles. The aspectual particles are:

    了    着    过

（三）语气助词

The modal particles

附在句子末尾表示各种语气的助词叫语气助词。语气助词有：

Particles used at the end of a sentence to express moods are:

吗    呢    吧    了    啊    的

嘛    哪    啦    呀    哇