情态动词 would / had rather 用法

would (had)是一个情态助动词, 无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态变化。

1. 常用句型

would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事

would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事

would rather + do + than + do 宁可……也不……（动词不同）

would rather do sth.(A) than sth. (B)宁可……也不……（动词相同）

I would rather do some cooking than do some cleaning.

I would rather do some cooking than cleaning.

would rather sb did (对现在或将来的虚拟)
would rather sb had done(对过去的虚拟)

                           you posted the letter right now.

I would rather (that)      you came tomorrow.

     you hadn’t gone to the cinema last night.

2. 其它 “宁愿...而不愿...”

prefer to do rather than do

would / had sooner = would / had rather

would do rather than do

有时为表示语气上的强调，可将rather than置于句首。

Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.

我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。

3. 其它“（不）愿意、 （不）喜欢”

would like, love, hate, prefer, etc sth / sb to do

4.  would rather + have done “本想做…”

I’d rather have left a note on her desk.

我本想留张字条在她书桌上的。（事实上没有留）

试比较:

I’d rather I left a note on her desk.

我宁可留张字条在她的书桌上。

参考资料：

[1]   薄冰，何政安. 薄冰英语语法[M]. 北京：开明出版社，1998.

[2]  （英）霍恩比. 牛津高级英汉双解词典 （第六版）[M]. 北京：商务印书馆， 2004. 

[3]   L.G. 亚历山大. 朗文英语语法[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991.

[4]  （英）汤姆逊，（英）马丁内特文. 牛津实用英语语法（第四版） [M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.

[5]   刑志远等. 英语惯用法大词典[M]. 上海：复旦大学出版社，2006.

[6]   英国培生教育出版有限公司. 朗文当代高级英语词典（英英·英汉双解）（新版）[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2004.

[7]   张道真. 现代英语用法词典（重排版）[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005.  

[8]   张道真. 英语语法大全（上）[M]. 北京：首都师范大学出版社，2008.

[9]   张道真. 英语语法大全（下）[M]. 北京：首都师范大学出版社，2008.

[10]  张振邦. 新编英语语法教程（第五版学生用书）[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2009.