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现在完成时总结

(2011-06-29 20:40:40)
标签:

知识总结

分类: 学习备课研究资料

一:现在完成时的构成:

 “have / has +动词的过去分词,在人称代词后,

have has常缩为’ve ’s  ,否定缩写

 have not = haven’t  has  not = hasn’t

二:现在完成时的主要用法及常用时间状语

A  表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,常与alreadynevereverjustyet等时间状语连用。

   eg I have already done my exercise.

B 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(含现在)的一段时间的状语。如:todaythese daysfor two yearssince 1984since he came here等连用。

三:巧记现在完成时的用法

    学习现在完成时,谓语结构要记住—“have / has +过去分词

主要用法有两个:过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,justalready常用着;过去动作或状态,一直延续到现在,forsince把时间带。如:I have known Li lei for three years.

四:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别: 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用;而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

注意:现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换

egI have studied English for three years

 =I studied English three years ago

 =It is three years since I studied English

试一试,用所给词的正确形式填空

1  I           livehere since I was ten years old.

2  I           livehere in 1998.

3  ---         you          your  breakfast---YesI have.

   ---When           you          it---- 30 minutes ago.

五:表示短暂动作的瞬间性动词,如comegobuy等的完成时态

就不能与forsince 等表示一段时间的状语连用,但可以与这类词

相应的延续性动词或短语连用。

试一试,改错

  1     I have come to Pan Jin for ten years .         

  2     His father has died since he was five years old  .

瞬间动词的用法口诀;现在完成在瞬间,非延只连时间点, 终止须转换,否定方可碰一段。

说明:

1    瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词,它可以有

现在完成时态,但不可以接一段时间;如果要接一段时间,

就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。

2    瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间。

巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换开始离去借来还,出生入死买到家

瞬间动词

1 begin

延续性动词

be on

瞬间动词

6 return

延续性动词be back

2 leave

be away from

7 join

be in

3 go

be  off

8 die

be dead

4 borrow

keep

9 buy

have

5 come

be here

10 arrive

be  here

六:特殊用法:

1 “ Have /has been to+地名 表示曾经去过某地,说话时已经回到说话地点, 常与once twiceevernever 等时间连用。

2 “have / has gone to +地名 表示去某地了,现在没有回答,人不在说话地点。

     巧记:  have been to + 地名,曾经到过某地行;

             have gone to + 地点,到某地去了一走远。

: 练习:

C1  — What a nice watch How long          you        it     — Just three weeks

A  willbuy          B  didbuy           C  have had

A2 —         you         in Greener China for a long  time

      —YesI  joined it five years ago

A Havebeen       B Has joined      C Have  joined

B3 Teacher Li            Japanhe             Japan for two years

A  has been tohas been to    

B  has gone to has been in

C  has gone to has been to

B4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer        for half an hour

A  has left    B   has  been  away      C  has  gone away

C5 I        this book for  two  days I have to return it now

A borrowed      B  have borrowed      C   have kept

B6----When         you          your  old    friend?

      ----The day before yesterday.

A will,visit           B  did ,visit          C  have ,visited

C7 Mrs White              in this school since she came here.

A teaches             B taught              C has taught

A8 No children           football in  the street since a car

   hit a boy last Sunday.

A have played          B played              C playing

B9 ----I’m  sorry to keep you waiting.

       ----Oh, not at all, I           here only for a few minutes.

A  was            B have been          C will be

C10 His father                 since 1936.

A died              B has died            C has been dead

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