加载中…古诗汉译英：《雨霖铃》by柳永（许渊冲英译版）
(2016-05-17 14:19:16)| 分类： 趣味英语茶 |
雨霖铃 (柳永)
v1，v7：许渊冲 译；v2：howard2005 译；v3-v4：译者未知；v5：龚景浩 译；v6：liu wu-chi 译
寒蝉凄切
对长亭晚
骤雨初歇
都门帐饮无绪
方留恋处
兰舟催发
执手相看泪眼
竟无语凝噎
念去去千里烟波
暮霭沉沉楚天阔
多情自古伤离别
更那堪
冷落清秋节
今宵酒醒何处
杨柳岸
晓风残月
此去经年
应是良辰好景虚设
便纵有千种风情
更与何人说
v1: cicadas chill
and drearily shrill,
we stand face to face at an evening hour
before the pavilion, after a sudden shower.
can i care for drinking before we part?
at the city gate
where we're lingering late,
but the boat is waiting for me to depart.
hand in hand, we gaze at each other's tearful eyes
and burst into sobs with words congealed on our lips.
i'll go my way
far, far away
on miles and miles of misty waves where sail the ships,
evening clouds hang low in boundless southern skies.
parting lovers would grieve as of old.
how could i stand this clear autumn day so cold!
where shall i be found at day's early break
from wine awake?
moored by a riverbank planted with willow trees
beneath the waning moon and in the morning breeze.
i'll be gone for a year.
in vain would good times and fine scenes appear!
however gallant i am on my part,
to whom can i lay bare my heart?
v2: cold cicadas are chirping plaintively,
the distant pavilion is veiled in dusk,
a sudden shower has just stopped.
dispiritedly i drink farewell wine,
in the tent outside the capital gate,
where i am so reluctant to part,
but the orchid boat hurries me up.
holding hands, staring at each other's tearful eyes,
we are too choking to breath out any soulful words.
i cannot help thinking of misty waves a thousand li away,
the southern sky is so broad with the heavy evening mist.
since ancient times, lovers have been distressed with parting
sorrows.
how can we bear the sorrows in such a desolate and clear
autumn!
where am i when awaking from my drunken sleep tonight?
at the willow banks with dawning breeze and fading moon.
in the parting year, fine moments and beautiful scenes mean nothing
to me.
though i have a thousand amorous feelings to confide, no listener i
can find!
v3: chilled by the cicadas' drige
we reach the post station at evening
just after a sudden shower --
the banquet toasts at the gate seemed endless --
here, where we long to linger
the boat impels you to be off
you take my hands-- i see your tears through mine
words, futile now, catch in my throat
i think of your going on and on --
a thousand li of mist and wave --
how dense the evening clouds, how wide the chu sky!
to love and part -- what age old anguish
how can i bear clear autumn's desolation too
not knowing where you'll wake from wine tonight?
the willows along the bank
the breeze at dawn, a fading moon --
without you, the passing year --
moments, scenery --all wasted
were they to rouse a thousand subtle feeling
who'd understand?
v4: mournfully chirr the ciadas,
as the shower of rain stops
and we face the roadside pavilion at dusk.
we drink without cheer in the tent outside the city gate;
it is the moment when we are loath to part
but the magnolia-wood boat beckons me on.
hands clasped together we see our tears,
so overcome, unable to utter a single word.
ahead lies a journey a thousand li of misty waves
and the vast sky of chu hangs with heavy evening haze.
since time immemorial, loves have grieved at parting
made more poignant in the fallow season of autumn.
what is this place where i have sobered from my drunken
stupor?
the riverside is strewn with willow trees,
the morning breeze wafts in with a waning moon.
our parting will last for years,
fine hours and scenes of beauty have no appeal
even though my heart is filled with tender feelings,
but, with whom can i share them?
v5: the chilled cicadas were shrill,
we sat facing a roadside pavilion in the faiing light,
a sudden shower having just passed.
in no mood to drink in the city-gateside tent,
we’d like to dawdle around a while,
but the orchid boat must go.
holding hands and looking into each other’s teary eyes.
we choked, unable to utter words from the heart.
a thousand miles of misty waves would now keep us apart,
with the evening haze heavy under southern skies.
for emotional people parting has always been difficult,
not to mention the season—a lonely harvest moon festival!
where would i wake up tonight to my hangover?
a grassy bank of willows,
the breeze at dawn, and a vanishing moon,
this parting would last for years,
rendering good times and pleasurable moments to nought!
even though i had delicate feelings to share,
who can i speak to?
v6: a cold cicada, sad and desolate,
faces the long pavilion at twilight,
the showers having recently ceased.
outside the city gate, drinking in the tent continues
i am about to linger awhile,
when the magnolia boat urges me to start my journey.
holding hands, we look into each other's tearful eyes -
without words, throats choked -
as i think of my voyage through a thousand miles
where the evening clouds are somber and the distant skies vast
lovers have suffered since ancient times the
how can i bear further my solitude in
where shall i be when i wake up from my drink tonight? -
willow banks, the breeze at dawn, and the waning moon.
during this long year of separation,
all fine moments and lovely scenes will appear to me in vain.
even if there are a thousand varieties of tender emotion,
to whom could i impart them now?
v7: cicadas chill drearily shrill.
we stand face to face in an evening hour
before the pavilion, after a sudden shower.
can we care for drinking before we part?
at the city gate
we're lingering late,
but the boat is waiting for me to depart.
hand in hand, we gaze at each other's tearful eyes
and burst into sobs with words congealed on our lips.
i'll go my way
far, far away
on miles and miles of misty waves where sail the ships,
and evening clouds hang low in boundless southern skies.
lovers would grieve at parting as of old.
how could i stand this clear autumn day so cold!
where shall i be found at daybreak
from wine awake?
moored by a riverbank planted with willow trees
beneath the waning moon and in the morning breeze.
i'll be gone for a year.
in vain would good times and fine scenes appear.
however gallant i am on my part,
to whom can i lay bare my heart?
【注释】
① 这句说：秋后的知了叫得又凄凉又急促。
② 长亭：古代大路边给人歇脚的亭子，送行在这里分手。
③ 骤（zōu宙）雨：阵头雨。这句写雨已停止，暗示就要分离。
④ 都门—京城。这里指的是汴京。 帐饮：在郊外搭起帐篷喝酒，给人送行。 无绪—没有好情绪。
⑤ 这句说：千言万语塞在喉头，到底一句也说不出来。
⑥ 兰舟：船的美称。这句说：船上人催人出发。
⑦ 凝咽（yè夜）：悲哀得说不出话来。一作“噎”。
⑧ 去去：一程又一程地向前去。 烟波：一片雾气罩住水面。
⑨ 暮霭（ǎi）：傍晚的云气。 沉沉：浓厚的样子。 楚天：泛指南方的天空。现在长江中下游一带，古代都曾属于楚国。 这一行说：想到这回到南方去，路程是那样遥远；抬头一看，那夜雾迷漫的楚天竟是一望无边。
⑩ 多情：多情的人。
⑪ 清秋节：冷落凄凉的秋天。
⑫ 今宵：今天夜里。
⑬ 这句说：这样长年的分别，就算遇到好日子、好风景，也是白白地过掉了。
⑭ 风情：情意。
【作者简介】
柳永（987？—1053？），北宋词人。原名三变，字耆卿。排行第七。崇安（今属福建省）人，是工部侍郎柳宜的少子。仁宗赵祯景佑元年（1034）进士。为人放荡不羁，终身潦倒。年青的时候，由于落第而产生不满的情绪，他在词中写道：“忍把浮名，换了浅唱低吟”。传说被仁宗看了，很为不满，说：“此人风前月下，好去浅斟低唱，何要浮名?且去填词。”他却以玩世不恭的态度自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，在汴京、杭州、苏州过着流浪的生活。直到词人四十多岁时，少年的“怪诞狂情”有所消退，才改名柳永，考取进士，任陆州（今浙江建德）推官，定海（今浙江）晓峰盐场的盐官。最后官至屯田员外郎，世称柳屯田。晚年死于润州（江苏镇江）.死后，由别人出钞埋葬。
柳永是北宋第一个专门致力于写词的作者，柳词的题材较广：有写流落江湖、羁旅行役、离愁别恨的；有写祖国山川形胜、都市风光的；还有描绘妓女生活、格调不高的词。
柳永也是第一个大量写作慢词（长调）的作家，他制作的慢词是“因旧曲，创新声”的“新腔”，音律谐婉。他的词以白描见长，写景抒情，层次分明，口语入词，毫无雕琢之感。
柳永的词适合当时的市民口味，“凡有水井处，即能歌柳词。”由于柳永吸取了民间词的营养，因之无论是在内容、形式和语言上都对后世的词人有着一定的影响。
【赏析】
这首词是作者离开汴京，与情人话别之作。“寒蝉”写当前景物，点明节令，直贯下片“清秋节”，不但写所闻、所见，兼写所感。“长亭”写地，暗喻别情。“晚 ”点明时间，为下面“催发”张本。“骤雨”是“留恋”之由。本来该走了，忽然下了一阵急雨，乘此机会，又留恋了一会儿，可是天色已晚，雨开始停了，这就真该走了。由“都门”字，知此词作于汴京，“帐饮”是别筵，而以“无绪”二字带过，因为满腹离愁别恨，吃，也不香，饮，也不畅，实在没有什么可说的。这就暗示了留恋之情深，别离之味苦。驾船的，“催发”；乘船的，“留恋”。“留恋，则不忍别；。“催发”，则不得不别。主观意愿与客观形势之矛盾，使别情达到高潮。以句法论，才说“帐饮，已指明“无绪”，正在“留恋”，又被人“催发”，好象都没有完，所以陈匪石先生在《宋词学》中称之为“半句一转”。（陈石遗在《宋词精华录》中称杨万里作诗的秘诀是“语末了便转”，也是此意。）
“执手”两句，生动、细腻、真朴，形容别情，妙到毫颠，不仅写出了分手的情侣当时的情状，而且暗示了他们极其复杂微妙的内心活动.到这个时候，不但有话说不出来，而且甚至觉得千言万语也表达不了那么多柔情蜜意，所以无须说，结果就只有什么都不说了。苏轼〔江城子〕（《乙卯正月二十夜记梦》）云：“相顾无言，惟有泪千行。”与此同义，不过一个是生离，一个是死别而已。但苏词并非蹈袭，也是从生活中来。“念去去”两句，“烟波”是眼前所有，而加上“念去去 ”，则近景远景连成一片，有实有虚。“烟波”以 “千里”来形容，“暮霭”以“沉沉”形容，“楚天”以“阔”形容，都与“凝咽”的心情相契合。（古时楚国在今长江中下游，故楚天即南天，此词或系作者离开汴京，前往浙江时所作。）“执手”两句写情，“念去去”两句写景，结束了话别的场面。
正面刻画话别，已经尽致，因此换头首句就推开一层，泛说离愁别恨，自古皆然，即江淹《别赋》 “黯然消魂者，惟别而已矣”之意。但第二句又立刻翻进，说秋天作别尤为可悲，暗喻宋玉《九辩》“悲哉，秋之为气也……憭栗兮若在远行。登山临水兮送将归” 之意，遥接上片起句。“今宵”两句，千古名句，也是设想将来，虚景实写。“酒醒”遥接上片“帐饮”，亦见虽然无“无绪”，但借酒浇愁，还是沉醉了。扁舟夜发，愁醉瞢腾，忽然醒来，想必已经拂晓，所见惟有杨柳岸边的晓风残月吧!然而，人呢?把这两句话摘出来看，本来就写得极好，但只有把它们作为全篇的组成部分，其好处才能充分显露出来，因为仅就这两句立论，就只看到眼中之景，而想不到景外之人了。
“此去”以下，放笔直写，不嫌重拙。由“今宵”想到“经年”，由“千里烟波”想到“千种风情”，由“无语凝咽”想到“更与何人说”，都是由对照而深入一层，即李商隐《无题》所谓“相见时难别亦难”之意。
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