加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:标点符号逗号
(2020-08-07 08:38:26)
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365标点符号逗号 |
在所有的标点符号中，逗号
(comma)
","使用率最高，用法也最复杂。
1）
逗号用于并列句
逗号可用以分隔由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的独立分句。常用的并列连词有
and，
The
petrol planes
were
delayed
by a
heavy rain,
and
they
barely had
enough
fuel
to
get
back to
The
bell
rang on and
on,
and
George was still
reluctant
to
get
out
of bed.
She saw
me
in
the
street
yesterday,
but
she
did
not recognise me.
You'd
better
apologise,
or
she'll not
speak
to
you
again.
如果相连的两个句子较短，可以不用逗号：
The
wind was blowing
and the
water
was cold.
John was busy cooking
but
Mary was playing the piano.
2）逗号用于并列的词或者词组
逗号还可用来分隔三个或三个以上并列的词或词组。我们知道，两个并列的词或词组一般
用and
或
After
dinner
,
they talked,
laughed,
and
sang.
The
professor
entered
the
classroom, opened his note-book, and began
his
lecture.
He
is
honest,
courageous,
and
experienced.
有时甚至可以不用连词，全用逗号
例如
The
hall
was
bright
with
coloured
lanterns,
red
,
green
,
yellow.
3）逗号用于前置状语
状语分句前置，一般要用逗号与主句隔开。例如：
As soon
as
he
finished
studying
,
he
left the
library.
When
he
returned
from
abroad
,
home
was
not
what
it
used to
be.
前置的状语如果不是分句而是词组，是否用逗号，视状语的长短而定。一般说来，状语较长宜用逗号，状语较短可不用逗号。例如：
In
spite
of
their
good
intentions,
most
parents
do
not really understand their
children.
He
made
his
promise only
yesterday,
but
today
he
changed
his
mind.
后置状语一般不须用逗号与主句隔开。例如：
You'll
fail
again
unless you
work
hard.
I
have been teaching
English
ever
since my
graduation.
4) 逗号用于非限制性关系分句
限制性关系分句与被修饰的先行项关系密切，连成一体，其前通常不用逗号。而非限制性关系分句大都仅起补充说明作用，所以多用逗号隔开。试比较下列两组句子。每组的前一句带限制性关系分句，后一句带非限制性关系分句：
I
have
a cousin
who
serves
in
the
army.
He is my cousin
,
who
serves
in
the
army.
She went back to the
city
where
she
was
born.
She went back to New York,
where
she
was
born.
-in
分词分句和 -ed
分词分句作名词的后置修饰语时也同样有限制性和非限制性区别，因
逗号也只用于非限制性修饰语。试比较：
The
house
built
by
my
grandfather
faced the mountains.
这房子的修建者是我祖父，面朝群山。
My
house,
built
by
my
grandfather,
faced the mountains.
A person
running for President
needs to have
a
lot of
money. 竞选总统需要很多钱。
Henry Smith,
running
for
the
state
governor,
was
in
financial troubles.
5)
逗号用干直接引语
在直接引语前和引述分句后，汉语用冒号，而英语多用逗号。例如：
She
said,
"I'll
bring a pot of
strong steaming
hot
coffee
to the table."
Jane
said
angrily,
"Bob,
can't
you be quiet for a moment?"
Bob
shouted
back, "Oh, dear,
you're
6)
逗号用千日期、地点等表达法
逗号还可用于日期、地址等的表示法。
(1) 日期
He
left
London
on
May 15,
1985.
The war
broke out on Sunday,
April 20, 1945.
这场战争爆发于1945年4月20日。
(2) 地址
Please
send
my
mail
to
55 People's
Road, Nanshi District,
Shanghai.
He gave
39 West 46th
Street,
Olean
,
New York
as his new
address.
(3) 其他
The
quotation
is
from Chapter
3,
page 57, line 15 of
the
second
volume. 引文来源第三章第57页第15行，属于第二卷。
The
boy
is
now
five feet, seven inches
tall.
Nine pounds,
three
ounces
is
an unusual
weight of this
fish. 九磅三盎司作为不寻常的重量指的是这种鱼。
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