章振邦语法英语句子汉译:语篇的定义_信息流翻译观

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章振邦语法英语句子汉译:语篇的定义

(2020-07-27 08:04:06)

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365 语篇

text

discourse

语篇 (text), 在口语中又叫 discourse, 指一连串意义相关的句子，为达到一定交际目的，而连贯地、合乎逻辑地组织起来的语义单位或语用单位。正如我国古代文艺批评大师刘腮所云，“夫人之立言，因字而生句，积句而成章，积章而成篇篇之彪炳，章无疵也；章之明靡，句无站也；句之清英，字不妄也；振本而末从，知一而万毕矣＂（刘腮《文心雕龙》章句第三十四）刘腮所谓的句、章、篇，就相当于我们在本章所讲的语篇结构的三个层次：句子、语段（又叫“句群")、语篇。这说明汉语的语篇结构与

英语的语篇结构颇有相似之处。作为语义单位，语篇可以是三言两语，也可以是长篇大论；可以是口头的，也可以是书面的；可以是一次对话，也可以是一篇独白；可以是一首诗，也可以是一封信；可以是一篇论文，也可以是一本小说；可以是一个判决，也可以是一个合同总之，语篇的形式和内容是多种多样的，五花八门的，但都有一个共同点：都是建筑在语法基础上的，为达到一定交际目的的语义单位。

按照结构形式，语篇可分为单语段语篇和多语段语篇。单语段语篇就是一则仅由几个单句组成的语义单位，其中句与句之间也有着主题句与辅助句的纽带联系。例如：

My father is just like me. He is also 5'8" tall and weighs 160 pounds. He is a high-school graduate, just like me. He likes his work at the city clerk's office and loves bowling (保龄球）， as I do.

又例如：

Thee cheers for John Goldsmith's article on "flying saucers (飞碟） " ! His amusing "Who's fooling who?" should go a long way toward putting an end to all the silly rumours we've been hearing lately about little men from outer space landing in our midst.

又例如：

With reference to Miss Jane Sample, who has applied to you for a job as accountant, Miss Sample worked for us two years as accounting clerk in our business office, while taking evening classes in accounting. Her work was satisfactory, and she got on well with her fellow-employees. We can recommend her to you without reservation.

以上介绍的都是单语段语篇，然而语篇通常也可能包含许多个语段，比如下面两篇文字都不太长，却都包含多个语段：

(1) The American people have many holidays in a year.// In the United States, the fall holiday season begins on Thanksgiving Day (感恩节）， the fourth Thursday in November. Originally a day of thanks for good harvests, it is celebrated with a big dinner, turkey being the main course.// Christmas comes on December 25, about a month after Thanksgiving. At Christmastime, people give each other gifts and send Christmas cards. Children especially look forward to this season. // New Year's Eve ， December 31, comes a week after Christmas. On New Year's Eve, people have gay parties to celeb ate the end of the old year and the beginning of the new. This is the end of the holiday season. // Easter comes in Ma ch or April. This is a religious holiday, and it also celebrates the coming of spring. At Easter, children dye eggs bright colors. They receive gifts of baskets containing toy rabbits chickens and candy eggs. On Easter Sunday, many people go to church. It is also at traditional time for women to buy new clothes. // On July fourth comes American Independence Day It is celebrated with fireworks, picnics and patriotic speeches. // Labour Day comes at the end of summer, on the first Monday of September. On Labour Day, people have their last summer holiday before settling down for the fall and winter.

[2] Many families in London live in flats, but most people live in their own houses in the suburbs. We too have a house in a London Suburb. I bought it about fifteen yea sago, when I got married.//Like most of London suburban houses, it consists of only two floors, the ground floor and the first floor. On the ground floor there's the dining- room, the lounge sitting-room, the kitchen and the hall. In the hall we see a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas. // A stairs leads from the hall to the

landing on the first floor. On this floor there are four bedrooms, a bathroom and a lavatory. On top of the roof there are three chimneys. // In front of the house we have a small garden, in which we grow flowers: roses, tulips, and so on. // At the back of the house there's a much larger garden with a lawn and some fruit trees. There's also a vegetable garden where we grow all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, cabbages, cauliflowers onions and tomatoes. // At the side of the

house, is a garage where I keep my car. The garden is enclosed by a fence, with a gate in it.

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