加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:强调中的前置和倒装句
(2020-07-26 06:05:55)
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365强调前置倒装句 |
前置和倒装句
把在正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而实现一种特殊强调，这种语法手段叫做前置
(Fronting)。使用前置手段表示强调，有时不必改变词序，有时则引起倒装
(Inversion)。
1)
不引起倒装的前置
不引起倒装的前置成分通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语。例如：
A horrible
mess
you've
made
of
it.
Books,
he
had
treasured
from
the
earliest
period of his
life.
Very
strange
it
seemed.
Keener
and
keener
the
competition
became.
A
scandal
(丑闻）
I
call
it.
I
knew you
were
careless,
but
dishonest
I
never thought
you.
上述这些成分的前置常常是为了使上下文紧密衔接。例如：
Mr
White fried
two
small pieces
of
fish.
One
of
these
he fed to his cat.
The
other
he ate himself.
We really
should not resent being called paupers
(乞丐）
Paupers
we
e,
and
paupers
we shallremain.
有时这种前置是为了意义的对比和结构的对称。例如：
Joan
he gave nothing, but
George
he gave 10
shillings.
Fool
Joe
may
be, but
thief
he
is
not.
Tactless
she
may
be, but
ungrateful
2)
引起倒装的前置
当主语补语前置时，如果主语较长或主语结构比较复杂，这种主语补语的前置就会引起倒装(Inversion)。例如：
More
serious
was the question
of
how the President
would present
the joint
announcement
(联合声明）．
Happy
indeed
are those
who
eceived news after a long
silence.
当前置宾语由
"not
a+名词”或者
"not
a single
+名词“ 构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：
I
had a terrible time playing roulette
(轮盘赌）
at the casino
(赌场）
.
Not
a winning
number
did
I
have
I
lost a fortune at Royal Ascot
(皇家赛马会）
.
Not
a
single winner
did
I
back
the whole
meeting.
最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。这里有两种情况：一种是全部倒装
(full inversion)
,
另一种是局部倒装
(partial inversion)
。前者是整个谓语置于主语之前，后者仅是操作词置于主语之前。引起倒装的前置状语大体有下列几种情况：
a)
当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为
go,
come
等表示位置转移的动态动词时，通常用全部倒置。例如：
There
was
a sudden gust
of
wind
and
away
went
his hat.
The door
burst
open and
in
rushed the crowd.
Bang!
bang! bang!
came
three reports
of
firecrackers and Philip suddenly felt his body
become
如果主语是代词，那就不用倒装：
Lower
and
lower
he
bent.
b)
当句首状语为表开地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。例如：
In
this chapter
will
be found a partial answer.
From
the valley
came a tinkling
sound,
a
soothing moo,
the
lull
of
alien
voices.
c) 当句首状语为 否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒置。例如：
Never
have
I
found him
in
such
a
good
mood.
Not
for
one
minute
do
I
think
I
have any hope
of
getting promoted.
No
longer
these days
is
it
necessary for
women
to
wear
When I
was
at school,
on
no
account
were
we
allowed to answer the masters back
(对教师顶嘴）．
Pete
Visit
our
stores.Nowhere
else
will you find
such magnificent bargains
(便宜货）．
At
no
time
during his speech did
the
politician mention that he had advocated
the
opposite policy
Hardly
had he finished his
work when
the
telephone rang.
Because
he
had overslept,
scarcely
did he have time to dress.
Rarely
do
I
get
invited
into his office
alone.
Not
for
nothing
has he
got the
reputation
of
being a
vintage
car
(古董车）
fanatic.
Not
for
the
life
of
me
can I
understand
how
I
passed
the
exam.
She received
her
cheque
for
half-a-million
pounds, but
not
even
then
could she believe
it.
d)
句首状语若由
"only
+副词”、"only+
介词词组”、"only+
状语分句“构成，也可引起局部倒装。例如：
Only yesterday
did
he
find out that his
watch
was
missing.
Only
through
sheer
luck
did he
manage
to
get some
tickets.
Only
because
there
were
some
cancelled
bookings
did
he
get
some
tickets
in
the
end.
以关联连词
not
only
(...
but
also)
开头的分句，往往引起局部倒装。例如：
Not
only
did
he
complain about
the
food, he
also refused
to
pay
for
it.
Not
only
did
the
garage
overcharge
me, but
they
hadn't
done
a very
good
repair job
e)
在以关联连词
so
(...
that)
开头的句子结构中，"so+
形容词“是主语补语的前置，"so
+副词”是状语的前置，前者引起全部倒装，后者引起局部倒装。例如：
So
dangerous
were
the
avalanches
(雪崩）
that
skiing had to
be
stopped.
So
small
was
the
mark
that
I
could hardly
see.
So
quickly
did the workmen finish
their
work
that
they
were
given a bonus
(奖金）.
So
much
does
he
worry
about his
financial
position
that
he
can't
sleep
at
night.
f）当方式状语、频度状语等移至句首时,有时也引起局部倒装。例如：．
Gladly
would
I
pay
more
if I
could
get
better service
by
doing so.
Many
a time
has
Mike given
me
good advice.
如果主语较长，也可全部倒装。例如：
Thus
began an
intricate
minuet
小步舞）
between
us and the Chinese.
当然，方式状语等移至句首，也可以不用倒装。例如：
Stealthily
the
girl crept out
of
the door.
Slowly
说明：由
hardly
开首的倒装句通常后跟过去完成体动词词组。例如：
Hardly
had
the
car
started
when
I
heard
someone
call
my
name.
Hardly
had
he
uttered
the
words
when
he
began
laughing.
如果
hardly
不是与过去完成体搭配，而是用于其他搭配关系，则不必倒装。试观察：
I
can
hardly
answer
that
question.
x
Hardly
can
I
answer
that question.
I
gained
hardly
anything.
x
Hardly
did
I
gain
anything
Hardly
anybody
knew.
x
Hardly
did
anybody
know
it.
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