加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:省略问题
(2020-07-25 09:09:10)
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365省略动词名词介词 |
省略是为避免重复和连接上下文的手段。在英语中凡是能够省略的词语一般都应省略。但是，如果
不该省略的词语给省掉了，那就会造成病句。
1) 名词和代词的省略问题
The burglar that he had stolen a car
from a garage, but he couldn't remember which.
供认曾经从一家车行偷了一辆轿车,但他记不清哪一个。
The burglar that
he had stolen a car
from a garage, but
he couldn't remember (窃贼供认曾经从一家修车行偷了一辆轿车，但他记不清是哪辆车／从哪家修车行。）
又例如
x Mary
was so tired that () fell
asleep as soon as she got into bed.
Mary was so tired that she fell
asleep as soon as she got into bed.
Mary was very tired and (she) fell
asleep as soon as she got into
bed. (玛丽很累，一上床就睡着了。）
2）动词的省略问题
x Jane
loves her more
than her husband.
Jane loves her more
than her husband does. (简比她丈夫更爱孩子。）
Jane loves her more
than she loves her husband. (简爱孩子甚于爱丈夫。)
又例如：
x David interviewed some
applicants in the
morning, and Peter in the
afternoon.
David interviewed some
applicants in the
morning, and Peter
did in (大卫在上午面试一些申请人，彼得在下午面试一些申请人。）
David interviewed some
applicants in the
morning and interviewed Peter in the
afternoon. (大卫在上午面试一些申请人，在下午面试彼得。）
又例如：
x The hunter frightened
and () at the bear.
The hunter was frightened
and was firing
at the bear. (那猎人受了惊，正对熊开枪射击。）
在以上第一句中的 was 之所以不能省略是因为 was (frightened) was (firing) 这两个 was 虽然同为助动词，却用于不同的语法结构，前者是构成被动语态的助动词，后者是构成过去进行体的助动词，两个was 并不是重复的词项，所以后一个 was 不能省。
3} 不定式符号的省略问题
试观察下列诸例：
x The
boy was seen () climb
over the fence.
The boy was seen to climb
over the fence.
We saw the boy climb over the
fence. (我们亲眼看见那孩子翻越篱笆墙。
又例如：
x Mary
was made () tell her husband
everything
Mary was made
to tell her husband
everything.
Mary's husband made her tell him
everything. (玛丽的丈夫要她把一切都告诉他。）
又例如：
x That
man has never been known () smile.
That man has never been known to smile.
We have never that man
( ) smile. (我们从来也没有看见那人笑过。）
以上诸例说明，在某些感觉动词和使役动词的主动态之后，不定式符号可省，但若在这类动词的被动态之后，不定式符号不可省。又例如：
x He
asks us to read, to meditate
and () write.
He asks us to
read, to
meditate and to write. (他要求我们用眼睛阅读，用脑子思考，用手写作。）
在以上第一句中的最后一个不定式符号之所以不能省略是因为 to read,
to meditate and to write ，而排比结构的各个组成部分都必须是相同的语法构造，在这里如果省了最后一个 to, 便破坏了排比结构的完整性，这在修辞上是不允许的。
4） 介词的省略问题
x He is neither () nor concerned about
this problem.
He is neither in nor
concerned about this problem. (他对这个问题既不感兴趣又不关心。）
又例如：
x He
admitted that he was mo apprehensive
for his own safety than () that of his
family.
He admitted that he was more
apprehensive for own
safety than for that of his
family. (他承认，他是担心他自己的安全而不是担心他家庭的安全。）
又例如：
x The
main point made by the first speaker () the
man who followed him on the forum
The main point made by the
first speaker and by the
man who followed
him on the forum
又例如：
I have lived here (for) a long
time. 我已经在这儿住了很久。
x I
haven't heard from him () a
long time.
I haven't heard from him for
long. (我已经很久没有接到他的信了。）
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