加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：名词修饰语之同位语
(2020-07-20 09:37:48)
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365名词修饰语同位语 |
同位语
(apoositive)
(这里只讲名词词组的同位语）
是一种后置修饰语，它对与之同位的名词词组提供补充说明，起修饰和描绘作用
1)
名词词组同位语的结构形式
名词词组的同位语通常是由名词词组表示，这种名词词组通常紧跟在与之同位的名词词组，或相当于名词词组
结构）之后。如：
Your
brother,
a
proud
and
unbending
man,
refused
all
help
that
was
offered
Winston
Churchill,
Britain's
prime
minister during
the
Second
World
War,
died
in
1965.
Playing
football,
his
only
interest
in life,
has
brought
him
many
friends.
但有时也可位于与之同位的名词词组之前。例如：
Streamlined
swimmers
and
bloodhounds
of
the
sea,
sharks
are
equipped
with
an
extraordinary
sense
of
smell.作为流线型的游泳者和猎犬横行海上，鲨鱼具有非凡的嗅觉。
有时为了保持句子结构平衡或者为了加强语势，同位语也可出现在句尾，造成两个同位成分分隔。例如：
Only
one
problem
still
remains
-
the
storage
of
the
grain.
Lucy
was
born
in
a
s
mall town
of North America,
the
daughter
of
a
poor
and
ignorant
miner.
He is a
wonderful
man,
that
uncle
of
yours.
名词词组的同位语除由名词词组表示外，也可由反身代词、不定代词或指示代词表示：例如：
My father
My
friends all understand me.我的朋友都理解我。
Air, food,
water
and heat
-
these are four requirements
of
all
living things.
还可由非限定分句和名词性分句表示：
She liked
her job,
teaching English.
During
all
those
years the
young man had but one aim - to fight
for
the independence
of
his
The question who should preside
over
the meeting
has not yet
been settled.
The announcement that all
flights were
cancelled because
of
bad
weather
greatly
distressed
the
名词词组同位语的引导词
名词词组同位语之前有时带有引导词以表示同位成分之间的特殊。比如有些引导词，如
namely
A pronoun
is
a pro-form, i.e. a
form used
to refer
to
a person
or
a
thing.
He studies linguistics,
or
the
science
of
language.
He
is
a cutler - that is to say, a man
who
sells knives and sharp tools.
还有一些引导词，如
for
example
(e.g.),
for instance, such
as,
say,
including
等，系表示举例和列举：
Some animals,
for
-ample
the fox
and squirrel，
have
bushy tails.
Besides English he
knows
other foreign languages, such
as
French and German.
还有一些引导词，如
especially,
particularly,
chiefly,
mo
tly
等，则表示突出某点：
Most students
in
our class, particularly David and Chris, are fond
of
music.
I want very
much
to
read these new novels, especially
the
one
you
mentioned.
有时还可用介词
of
作引导词来表示同位关系
例如：
the
city
of
Shanghai=
the city,
Shanghai
the
continent
of
Asia
=
the continent, Asia
the
month
of
May=
the month, May
the art
of
painting= the art, painting
名词词组同位语的附加修饰成分
名词词组同位语有时还可附带修饰成分，这种修饰成分并非修饰名词中心词，而是修饰作为同位语的整个名词词组。例如：
Tom, normally a timid boy,
jumped into
the river and saved the
drowning.
Dr. Helfand,
formerly director
of
our hospital, wrote many books on medicine.
Professor Grace,
at
that
time
a
college student,
wrote
poems and stories for magazines
and
Lucy,
in
her
youth a
talented
musician, still gives concerts every now and
then.
这些修饰成分通常都是一些副词和介词词组，它们如果出现在相应的关系分句中便是状语
例如：
Shanghai,
which
was
once
the
paradise
for
如果把
which-
分句转换为同位语，副词
once
便成了同位语的修饰成分：
Shanghai,
once
the paradise
for
限制性同位语及非限制性同位语
同位语，就它与所说明的同位成分之间的关系来说，分为限制性同位语
(restrictive
appositive)
和非限制性同位语
(non-restrictive
appositiive)
大多数同位语都是非限制性的，它
相当于非限制性关系分句所起的作用。在这种同位语之前口语有停顿，在文字中用逗号或破
的还带有引导词和附加修饰成分，
限制性同位语和它的同位成分关系紧密，形成一个语义整体，这种同位结构在口语中无停顿，在文字中不用逗号或破折号隔开。例如：
my
good
friend Mike
Harold
the
lawyer
the
Emperor
Charles
V
Roberson
the
singer
the
year
1997
Uncle Tom
the
number
thirteen
Republican
leader
Fox
另外，与人称代词同位的名词或名词词组都是限制性同位语。例如：
We
Chinese
are
determined
to
defend
our
national
sovereignty.我们中国人有决心捍卫国家主权。
Nothing is
too hard
for
us
Chinese
people.
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