加载中…章振语法英语句子汉译:限制性与非限制性关系分句
(2020-07-05 10:57:44)
标签：
365限制性关系分句非限制性关系分句 |
限制性关系分句与非限制性关系分句
关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性关系分旬
(restrictive relative
clause)
和非限制性关系分句
(non-restrictive relative
clause)
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少了它，作为先行项的名词（词组）便不能明确表示其所指对象
例如：
He
is
the
boy
damaged
the vase.
非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，它不是先行项的不可缺少的组成部分，而仅仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明
因此，如果省略了一个非限制性关系分句，并不影响先行项的所指意义。例如：
My cousin,
is
an
engineer,
went to Europe last
week.
1）限制性关系分句
限制性关系分句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。例如：
The
man
did
the robbery
has been caught. 那个搞抢劫的被抓了。
The chair
(which)
I
sat
in
was a broken
one. 椅子 我坐的，已经坏了。
Can
you
show me
the
house
ere
Shakespeare
once
lived?
The reason
why I was alone
in the mountains
is
that I had a difficulty with my guide.
限制性关系分句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性关系分句
例如：
She
was
a
woman who
He
spoke
to me
in
a
tone which
I
don't
at
all like.
当名词中心词带有前照应定冠词时，其后的关系分句也必定是限制性的。例如：
He is the man
who told
me
the
news.他就是那个人，告诉过我这条消息。
This
is
the
car I
当名词中心词带有
all,
any,
some,
every,
no
等不定限定词时，其后的关系分句也通常是限制性的。例如：
The first flame from
Rainbarrow
sprang
into the sky, attracting
all eyes
that
had
been
fixed
on
the
Any
man
who smokes cigarettes
is,
the doctors say, risking his
health.
Some
friends
that
I
made
in college
were
He
has read
almost
every
book
on
linguistics
that
he
could
get
hold
of
in the library.
No
visitors
who come to Beijing
would
fail
to see the great
Wall.
2) 非限制性关系分句
如前所述，非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的关系。这种分句在口语中有停顿
，在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性关系分句的引导词通常是
who,
whom,
whose
which 等
The Chairman,
who
spoke first, sat on my right.
His
speech,
which
bored
everyone,
went
on and on.
The Chairman's
daughter,
whose
name
is
Ann,
gave
me
a
patient smile.
She
is
devilish
like Miss
Cutter, that I
关系副词
where,
Many
of
our Welsh people
(威尔士人） are
I'm
seeing
the
manager
非限制性关系分句，就其意义来说，在句中有时相当于一个并列分句。例如：
They had a fine
walk
too, which
had
done his liver
good.
(=
They had a fine
walk too, and
it
had done his
liver
有时，非限制性关系分句在语义上起状语分句的作用，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。例如：
It
is
in
line
with
the
Charter
(联合国宪章），
which
recognizes the value
of
regional efforts to solve
Chinese
delegations
have
been
sent
to
Asian-African
countries,
who
will
negotiate
trade
He
would
be a rash man,
who
should
venture to forecast the results
of
this
event.
(这里的
who
..相当于
if
he
…的意思，表示条件。）
Dr
Lee,
who
had
carefully
read
through the instructions before doing his
experiments,
could not
喜欢
0
赠金笔