加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:不定式与名词的搭配
(2020-05-08 21:57:08)
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365不定式与名词搭配 |
不定式与名词的搭配关系
这里所讲的不定式与名词的搭配关系，是指不定式作名词的后置修饰语。
1)
主—动关系、动一宾关系、同位关系
不定式结构与它所修饰的名词有时是主—动关系，即名词是不定式结构的逻辑主语。
He
was
the
last
guest
to
arrive
(=
who
arrived).
He
is
not
the
man
to
draw
back
(退却）
(=
who
will
draw
back)
when
his dignity
is
concerned.
Have
you
got
a
key
to
unlock
the
door(=
that
can unlock the door)?
This is the
best
book
on
the subject
to
appear
this
year
「(=
that
has
appeared
this
year).
不定式结构与它所修饰的名词有时是动—宾关系，即名词是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。
He
has
a
large
family
to
support(=
that
he
must
support).
This is
the
best
book
to
read(=
that
we
can
read/
for
us
to
read).
There
is a
quarter
of
an
hour
to
kill(=
that
we
can kill).
There
was
really nothing
to
fear(=
for
us
to
fear). 没什么好怕的。
如果不定式属于不及物动词，或由于意义上或结构上的需要，其后须加适当的介词。
Mary
needs a friend
to
play
with.玛丽需要一个朋友一起玩。
There is something important
to
write
home
about.有一些事情很重要，要写信回家商量。
不定式结构与它所修饰的名词有时是一种同位关系。
The boy
had an
impulse
to
jump
over
the
fence.
I
have
no
wish
to
quarrel
He hit
back
the urge
to tell a lie.
Neither
of
them
had
any
inclination
to
spend
time with Philip.
他们俩都不想有菲利普在一起。
2)
主动态还是用被动态
作名词后置修饰语的不定式可以采取主动态，也可采取被动态，有时两种语态均可采用，意义无甚区别。
Give
me
a list
of
people
to
invite / to
be
invited.
The
procedure
to
follow / to
be
followed
is this.
There
is no time
to
lose / to
be
lost.没有时间可浪费。
The man
to consult / Johnson. 该咨询的是约翰逊。
但在有些情况下，用主动态比用被动态自然。
I've got
letters
to write
tonight.
We've
got a lot
of
cases
to investigate.
而在另外一些情况下，又以用被动态为妥。
The cases
to
be
investigated are not
to be made public
in
press.
The question
to
be
discussed
at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.
3)
"名词＋不定式”与“名词＋介词
+-ing
分词“
有些名词如
attempt,
chance,
effort,
freedom,
intention,
necessity,
opportunity,
reason,
The
doctor
made a
bold
attempt
to
save / at
saving the
child's
life.
They
made an
effort
to finish / at
finishing
the
work
in
one day, but
they
failed.
The liberated people
will
have the
freedom
to choose / of
choosing
their own social
system.
Have you any intention
to
go / of
going
there?
There
is
no necessity
to
buy / of
buying
a
new
car.
I'm glad to have the opportunity
to
speak /
I have many reasons
to
fear / for
fearing
him.
I doubt if he ever has time
to watch / for
watching
television.
What's
the right
way
to
address / 有什么方式可以用来对话 女王呢？
有些名词如
ability,
agreement.
ambition
,
anxiety,
curiosity,
disposition
(意向），
mind, temptation,
tendency,
wish
等，在其后通常带不定式，而不带介词+
ing
分词。
They have the
ability
to
produce
nuclear
weapons.
They signed an agreement
to
rent
the house.他们签了一份协议租房子。
He
is
under no obligation
to
do
that.
Her refusal
to
accept
his offer
of
help
is
really disappointing.
Wood has a tendency
to
swell if it gets
wet.
然而，还有一些名词如
aptitude
(资质），
delay,
faculty,
excuse, experience,
interest,
genius, hope,
idea,
method, motive
,
object,
passion, plan,
possibility,
skill,
success
等，在其后通常带介词+
-ing
分词，而不带不定式。
Edison
had
a great aptitude
for
inventing
new
things.
Have
you
had much
experience
in
teaching English?
There
is
no hope
of
winning
the game.
We
must
improve
our
method
of
teaching
foreign languages.我们必须改进方法，以便外语教学。
A hundred
years
ago, few people believed
in
the
possibility
of
flying.
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